Mangkunegara Kartasura IV (1811 - 1881)

Born 3 Mar 1811 in Surakarta, Jawa, Hindia Belanda

Ancestors

Descendants

Died 2 Sep 1881 at age 70 in Surakarta, Jawa, Hindia Belanda

Biography

Mangkunegara IV (1809–1881) was the fourth ruler of Mangkunegaran, a small principality based in Surakarta, Java, ruling from 1853-1881. ^[1]

Name and Titles

Indonesian royalty of this period received new names at birth and several additional times in their lives. Surnames were not used. The dynastic name, Kartasura, is used here as the surname.

At birth:

• Title and Name at birth (nama kecil) Raden Mas Sudira ^[2]

At adulthood:

• His title before ascending was Pangeran Adipati. ^[1]
• Raised to the titles of Raden Mas Arya Gunda Kusuma ^[3]
• Pangerun Arya Ganda Kusuma. ^[3]
• Adividijaya II of Surabaya^[3]

At accession:

• Pangeran Adipati Arya Prabu Prangwadana 25th March 1853.

As reigning duke:

• Mangkunegara IV ^[2]
• Kanjeng Gusti Pangeran Adipati Arya (KGPAA) Mangkunegara IV Senopati ing Ayudha,
• Kanjeng Gusti Pangeran Arya ^[2]
• Duke Mangkunegara IV ^[2]
• KGPAA Mangkunegara IV^[2]

1811 Birth

He was born BRM Sudira on 3 March 1811 in Surakarta. By Javanese reckoning, Monday Pahing, 8 Sapar 1738 year Jumakir Java, Windu Sancaya ^[2] Other sources gives his birth as 1809. ^[1]

Parents and Descent

His father was Adivijaya II of Surakarta, ^[3] His father's father was KPH Adiwijaya I while his father's mother was the daughter KGPAA Mangkunagara II named Raden Ajeng Sekeli. ^[2]

Therefore KPH Adiwijaya I was the son of Raden Mas Hero Member Kusumadiningrat the law of Sri Susuhunan Pakubuwono III , while RA Sekeli is the daughter of KGPAA Mangkunagara II , then the lineage RM Sudira pedigree is as the grandson of KGPAA Mangkunagara II and great-grandchildren of Sri Susuhunan Pakubuwono III , ^[2]

His mother was Bandara Radin Ajeng Sakel andara Radin Ajeng Adi iviJaya II. She was the younger daughter of H. H. Kanjeng gusti Pangeran Adipati Arya Mangku Negara II Senopati in Ayudha. ^[3]

In addition he was the great-grandson of the KPA Adiwijaya Kartasura known as the Prince Seda ing Lepen Abu fallen against the Company the Netherlands. ^[2]

He was the grandson of Mangkunegara II (reigned 1796-1835). ^[4]

Childhood

After his birth RM Sudira was requested by his grandfather, KGPAA Mangkunagara II to be his adopted son. ^[2] The little baby was handed over to his concubine named Mbok Ajeng Dayaningsih to be raised. ^[2]

RM Sudira in his childhood did not get formal education; education was given in private.

RM Sudira also received guidance from the Dutch brought by KGPAA Mangkunagara II. Besides guiding Pangeran Riya prepared as KP Prangwadana III, the Dutch were also assigned to educate RM Sudira especially in teaching the Dutch language, Latin writing and other knowledge. Among his teachers were Dr. JFC Gericke and CF Winter .^[2]

At the age of 10, RM Sudira was handed over by KGPAA Mangkunagara II to Kanjeng Pangeran Riya who was actually his cousin, to be taken as his eldest son. In addition Kanjeng Pangeran Riya was also assigned to continue the education and teaching of RM Sudira.^[2]

1826 Youth

At the age of 15 years RM Sudira became a cadet in the Mangkunagaran Legion, a military entity distinct from the Dutch East Indies troops, with its own cadet education. Following his graduation, he was placed as a new officer in Company #5 ^[2]

Gundakusama

He was raised to the titles of Radin Mas Arya Gunda Kusuma and Pangerun Arya Ganda Kusuma. ^[3]

After earning his Prince title his name was changed to KPH Gandakusuma. ^[2]

Marriages

He had several marriages. The name of his first wife is not known.

In 1852 at the Mangkunegaran Palace, Yogyakarta, 1852 he married his second wife, Bandara Radin Ajeng Dunuk (H. H. Bandara Radin Ayu Mangku negara IV], daughter of Colonel H. H. Arya Mangku Negara III Senapati ing Ayudha. 1854 After about a year reign then married to R.Ay. Dunuk, the daughter of Mangkunagara III.^[2]

In the period 1853-1857 he married his third wife, Radin Ajeng Kus Mardina, daughter of Kanjeng Pangeran Arya Adi Vijaya, of Surakarta.

He also married R.Ay. Semi, ref name="wikimid"/>

1853 Reign: Succession and Name

He succeeded to the throne on the death of his cousin, Mangkunegara III, who reigned from 1835 to 1853. ^[4]

Not long after KGPAA Mangkunagara III died in 1853, and KPH Gandakusuma was appointed KGPAA Mangkunagara IV. ^[2]

His reign was from 1853 until his death in 1881.^[2]

Appointed to succeed his cousin with the title of Pangeran Adipati Arya Prabu Prangwadana 25rth March 1853.

Assumed the title of Kanjeng Gusti Pangeran Adipati Arya Mangku Negara IV Senopati ing Ayudha, 16th August and installed in Yogyakarta 16th September 1857.

Reign: Accomplishments

During his reign, the foundations of estate agriculture producing coffee and sugar were established. The profits from the system were reinvested in the domains, instead of being sent abroad, as happened in many colonial situations; however, as typical for a less-developed economy, the inhabitants were dependent on the world price of these cash crops.

Mangkunegara IV abolished the appanage system of compensating his retainers and officials and instead paid them salaries.

Nevertheless, Mangkunegara IV had to deal with the Dutch East India Company as well as the other rulers in central Java of the period. In 1857 and 1877, he was unable to reclaim land leased to European planters. ^[5]

During the reign, MN IV established a sugar factory in Colomadu (northwest of Surakarta city , closed) and Tasikmadu , initiated the establishment of Solo Balapan Station as part of Solo - Semarang railway line construction , city canalization , and city ​​spatial arrangement .^[2]

Reign: Art and Literature

During his reign, the court of Mangkunegaran wrote about 42 books, among them Serat Wedhatama , and some gamelan compositions . One of his famous compositions works is Ketawang Puspawarna , which was also sent into space via the Voyager Gold Plate inside the Voyager I voyager I space plane in 1977 . For his services, especially in the writing of Serat Wedhatama, MN IV was awarded Bintang Mahaputra Adipradana from the RI Government through Presidential Decree nr. 33 / TK / Year 2010 posthumously, given by President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono to his relatives' representatives on November 3, 2010.^[2]

Mangkunegara IV's court is especially known for its contributions to the traditional arts. He himself was a prominent poet who collaborated with Raden Ngabei Ranggawarsita (1802–1873), said to be the last of the great court poets. Mangkunegara IV's most famous poem is Wedhatama ("Exalted Wisdom"), which praises morality consistent with the mystical Islam of Java, in contrast to the more self-consciously Orthodox Islamic community. ^[5] He is also credited with the composition of several ketawang, a gamelan musical form,^[6] including Puspawarna, which was included in the Voyager's Golden Record sent to outer space in the 1970s.

Military

Col and cdt Mankunegaran legion 1853.

Social

Dr. of Music, philosopher, historian and author of "Wedhatama". \

Honors

Rcvd:

• Knt of the Order of the Netherlands Lion
• Cdr of the Order of the Crown of Prussia
• Knt, 1st class of the Orders of the Polar Star of Sweden
• Franz Josef of Austria, etc.

1881 Death

MN IV died in 1881 and was interred in Astana Girilayu . It can be said that during his reign, Mangkunagaran was at the peak of his greatness.^[2]

He died at Yogyakarta, 2nd September 1881 (buried Girilayu) leaving 14 children, including:

Children

Since Sudira's children are already known for their intelligence and intelligence. ^[2]

He had 14 sons.

1. GR Mas Sunita by his wife BRA Dunuk, eldest son
2. GR Mas Sujita, also by Dunuk
3. 12 others including great-grandfather of R Aj Nany Arismoenandar

1. Gusti Radin Mas Sunita, who succeeded H. H. KGPAA Mangkunegara V (Kanjeng Gusti Pangeran Adipati Arya Mangku Negara V Senapati ing ayudha) (s/o Dunuk)
2. Gusti Radin Mas sujitna Pangeran Arya Daya ning Rat, who succeeded as h. H. Kanjeng Gusti Pangeran Adipati Arya Mangkyu Negara VI Senapati ing Ayudha (s/op Dunuk).
3. Radin Mas Adipati Arya Suganda. Bupati of Pasuruan 26th October 1887-1903. He had issue:
   1. Radin Mas Adipati Arya Darsa Suganda, Bupati of Pasuruan 7th February 1903-1915. He had issue:
      1. a daughter, m. Radin Adipati Arya Sujana,Bupati of Pasuruan 1915-1928.
   2. Radin Mas Temenggong Panji Darta Suganda, Bupati of Pasuruan 24th January 1928-1932.
4. Gusti Radin Mas Subyakta, b. atr Surakarta 1864
5. Lieutenant-Colonel Kanjeng Pangeran Arya Nata ning Rat. Hon. Lt. Col, KNII, Royal Knt 4th class of the Order of the Crown of Siam.
6. Bandara Radin mas Atma Kusumsa. He had issue:

Sources

1. ↑ ^{1.0 1.1 1.2} Wikipedia. Mangkunegara IV Accessed July 31, 2017 jhd
2. ↑ ^{2.00 2.01 2.02 2.03 2.04 2.05 2.06 2.07 2.08 2.09 2.10 2.11 2.12 2.13 2.14 2.15 2.16 2.17 2.18 2.19 2.20 2.21} Wikipedia Indonesia Mangkunegara IV Accessed August 1, 2017. jhd
3. ↑ ^{3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5} Biography Page for Adivijaya II, Royal Archives. Royal Ark Indonesia. Family Tree RNgt Nany Sudbury issued by the Kraton's genealogy department.
4. ↑ ^{4.0 4.1} Recollections from Nany Arismoenandar
5. ↑ ^{5.0 5.1} M.C. Ricklefs, A History of Modern Indonesia Since c. 1300, 2nd ed., Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1994, 126, 127. Cited by Wikipedia. Mangkunegara IV Accessed July 31, 2017 jhd
6. ↑ Alec Roth, New Compositions for Javanese Gamelan, Vol. 2, Lebanon, NH: American Gamelan Institute, distributed 1998, 426. Cited by Wikipedia. Mangkunegara IV Accessed July 31, 2017 jhd