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Enslaved Ancestors from Wythe County, Virginia

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Location: Wythe, Virginia, United Statesmap
Surname/tag: Slavery
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Contents

African-Americans in Wythe County, Virginia.

A significant portion of the people who lived in Wythe County, Virginia in the decades leading up to the Civil War were enslaved persons. This document focuses on the enslaved ancestors of Archie Griffin and identifying them on the 1850 and 1860 slave schedules that were collected by the Federal government. One aspect of these schedules is that they list enslaved persons by age, sex, and color, without providing their names. Luckily, in February 1866 two documents were prepared by the State of Virginia. One was a list of cohabitating former enslaved couples, listing them, their children, and their last slave owners. The second document was a list of men who were no longer cohabitating with their former spouses due to their death, a relationship break-up, or the woman being sold and removed from Wythe County. The two documents provide information on dozens of formerly enslaved persons.

In 1850 there were 12,304 persons in Wythe County. Of these, 78 percent were white individuals. Twenty percent were enslaved persons. Only two percent were free Black or Mulatto persons.

In 1860, there were 12,835 individuals living in Wythe County. Eighty percent were free white, Black, or Mulatto persons (it is not possible to search by racial category for this census) and 20 percent were enslaved persons.

After the Civil War, in 1870, the population had declined to 11,617 persons. Eighty percent were white individuals, 19 percent were Black, and one percent were Mulatto.

These population statistics suggest the racial make-up of Wythe County remained fairly constant during these decades.

Archie Griffin’s enslaved ancestors in Wythe County

The Cohabitation Registers identify freed slaves and indicate who their last owner was and where they had lived. The following are among the formerly enslaved ancestors of Archie Griffin.

Pharoah Peoples - John Clark of Wythe County

Jane (Taylor) Peoples - (“sold away”)- John Clark of Wythe County

Susan (Monroe) Peoples - T. Crockett of Wythe County

Daniel Monroe - William Crockett of Wythe County

Lucinda (Murphy/Soles) Monroe - Thompson Crockett of Wythe County

Harrison Johnson - Robert Sawyers [Sayers] of Wythe County

Mary (Holliday) Johnson - Charles Tate of Wythe County

Thomas Holliday - Washington Hines of Wythe County

Cintha/Susan Holliday - Jacob Shaffer of Wythe County

Wesley Evans - Andrew Elliott of Richmond County

Caroline Brown - George Minice of Richmond County

I was unable to locate information on either Andrew Elliott or George Minice. In the following section seven of the slave owners are briefly identified with tables listing their enslaved persons from the 1850 and 1860 slave schedules.

SLAVE OWNERS

Charles Campbell Tate was born in 1808 in Virginia. On 22 July 1850, Charles and his eight children (John M., Sophia F., William W., James G., Nancy M., Robert C., Charles B., and Thomas L.) lived in District 68 of Wythe County. He was farming and owned $25,000 in real estate. [1]

On 20 July 1868, Charles’s household in District 68 of Wythe County included his second wife Jane and children John, William, James, Nancy, Robert, Charles, Thomas, Joseph, Samuel, and Margaret, and a 22-year-old laborer, Thomas Richardson. Charles was a farmer and owned $30,000 in real estate and $40,000 in personal estate. [2]

He died in 1874. [3]

In 1840, he owned 12 enslaved persons. [4]

Charles owned 10 enslaved persons in 1850 [5]and 17 enslaved persons in 1860 (see Table 1). [6] The Register of Colored Persons of Wythe County, State of Virginia, Cohabiting Together as Husband and Wife on 27 February, 1866, housed in the Library of Virginia, provides the names of six of these individuals.

An 1866 list provides a list of individuals once owned by Charles C. Tate (they are Black unless noted).[7][8]

Thomas, aged 20 to 50
Charles, aged 20 to 50
Ephrighans, aged 20 to 50
David, aged 20 to 50
Randall, aged 20 to 50
Burket, aged 20 to 50
John aged 14 to 20
Lucas, aged 14 to 20
Granville, aged 14 to 20
Moses, aged 14 to 20
Emiline (Mulatto), aged 14 to 20
Mary (Mulatto), aged 14 to 20
Sally, aged 20 to 50
Mary, aged 14 to 20
Cythna, aged 0 to 14
Elizabeth, aged 0 to 14
Louisa, aged 0 to 14
Fanny, aged 0 to 14
Charles, aged 0 to 14


Robert Sayers/Sawyers was born 1796 in Wythe County, Virginia. On 3 August 1850, he, his wife Lena, and children Robert (age 22), John (19), Samuel (17), Ann (15), and Easter (13). The elder Robert was listed as a farmer and owned $30,000 in real estate. [9]

On 17 July 1860, Robert’s household in District 68 of Wythe County consisted of his wife Sarah, children Robert, Ann, and Esther; and two children who were sewing Sena L. Hoge and Reuben Hence. Robert owned $41,890 in real estate and $50,000 in personal estate. [10] Robert died in November 1876. [11] Robert owned 31 slaves in 1830 [12] and 38 enslaved persons in 1840. [13]

He owned 43 enslaved persons in 1850 [14] and 46 enslaved persons in 1860. [15]

The Cohabiting records reveal the identities of 19 of these individuals:

Harrison Johnson (b. 1817)

Emily Hogan (b. 1823)

Sarah Ward (b. 1828)

Charlotte Hogans (b. 1831)

Dennis Hogans (b. 1843)

Joseph Hogans (b. 1845)

Emily Sawyer

William Holley (b. 1863)

Wesley Holley (b. 1862)

Martha Woodson (b. 1842)

Phoebe Clouds (b. 1855)

Peter Clouds (b. 1857)

Susan Clouds (b. 1858)

Anna Ward (b. 1834)

David F. Johnson (b. 1839)

Crockett Johnson (b. 1843)

Craige Johnson (b. 1849)

Adaline C. Johnson (1842)

Mary M. Johnson (b. 1845)


John Clarke was born circa 1782 in Kentucky. He did not own any slaves in 1830 or 1840. On 20 July 1850, he household included wife (age 37) and had seven children- Virginia (age 14), Columbus (age 13), Caroline (age 13), Mathias (age 11), Elizabeth (age 8), Mahala (age 6), and Margaret (age 3). He was a farmer and owned $10,000 in real estate. [16]

On 17 July 1860, John Clark, wife Mary, and children David, Margaret, and Thomas lived in District 68 of Wythe County. Their household included William J. and Elizabeth Sowers and their infant son John. John Clark owned $8,000 in real estate and $8,000 in personal estate. [17]

John Clark died in July 1865 in Wythe County. His former slave Pharoah Peoples would later go to the Freedmen’s Bureau asking for their help to recover a horse that John had promised him. Mary Clarke claimed that John was insane when he made the gift and refused to hand it over. It is unknown what happened.

In 1850, John Clarke owned six individuals [18] and in 1860 he owned nine persons (Table 2). [19]


William Guise Crockett was born circa 1819 in Virginia. On 20 July 1850, he lived in District 68 of Wythe County with his wife Emily (age 27) and infant son Garlton. He was a farmer and owned $6,000 in real estate. [20]

On 11 June 1860, William, his wife Emily, and their children Grafton (age 10), Chaffin (age 8), Elizabeth (age 5), Nancy (age 3), and David (6 months). He was a farmer who owned $20,000 in real estate and $5,000 in personal estate. [21]

William died in July 1895. [22]

In 1850, William owned eight enslaved persons (Table 3). [23] He also owned eight slaves in 1860. [24]


Thompson Sayers Crockett was born in 1821 in Virginia, Son of John Crockett and Nancy Agnes Graham. On 26 July 1850, he lived in District 68 of Wythe County with his wife Rachel and probable sister Sarah A. Crockett. He was farming and owned $8,000 in real estate. [25]

On 12 June 1860, Thompson S. and Rachel M. Crockett, their children Sallie (age 11), Samuel (age 10), and Mary (age 8), along with school teacher Gordon Kegley, lived in District 68 of Wythe County. Thompson was a farmer who owned $15,000 in real estate and $12,000 in personal estate. [26] Thompson died in April 1909. [27]

In 1850 he owned nine enslaved persons (Table 4). [28] In 1860 he owned 14 enslaved persons. [29]

Thompson Sayer Crockett was left a "negro boy David" in his mother Agnes Crockett's will dated 13 October 1853.[30]

George Washington Hines (also called Hams) was born circa 1815/1818 in Virginia, son of (--?--) Hams and Catherine (--?--). On 6 August 1850, he lived in District 68 of Wythe County. His occupation was listed as “none.” On 13 June 1860, G. W. Hines was listed as a 45-year-old farmer living with 24-year-old Nancy Hines (born in North Carolina) in District 68 of Wythe County. He owned $4,000 in real estate and $1,200 in personal estate.[31]

Hines did not own any slaves in 1850. On the 1860 slave schedule, G. W. Hams was recorded as owning one enslaved Mulatto male, aged 60, who lived in a slave house. This was Thomas Holliday.[32]

Jacob Shaffer was born 1783 in Virginia. He was married to Catharine Bishop, who was born circa 1783 in Virginia. On 29 July 1850, he lived in District 68 of Wythe County with wife Catherine, son Joseph (age 24), and 18-year-old Caroline White. He was a gun smith and owned $6,000 in real estate. Son Jacob lived nearby. [33] On 20 July 1860, Jacob and Catherine lived in the 68th District of Wythe County. He was a farmer who owned $18,000 in real estate and $7,000 in personal estate. [34] Jacob died in 1874.

Jacob owned no slaves in 1840.[35] Jacob owned three slave in 1850 (Table 5). [36] In 1860 he owned two slaves.[37]


Land Deeds

This section includes information on bills of sales, as well as manumission documents, of enslaved persons.

  • James Crockett sold three Negro slaves (Will, Lye, and Ned) to Jacob Fishback on 13 May 1817. [38]
  • Joseph Kent and Hugh McGavock were appointed by the Wythe county court to divide up the enslaved persons of Col. Robert Sayers amongst his heirs, Margaret, wife of Joseph Draper; Lucy, wife of Joseph Graham; and Jane C. Sayers. They had noted that since the will was written an enslaved woman named Polly had a son named Cesar. There were three shares drawn up as follows as of 11 July 1826:
  1. Jenny and her children (Anne, Eliza, Lorenzo, John, Lydia, and Charles, Leander
  2. Molly and her children Esther, Frances, Isaac, Preston and William Anderson.
  3. Poley, Juliet, Cesar, and Harriet, a daughter of Molly[39]
  • Robert Sayers sold by sheriff's sale to Jane S. Brown a negro girl named Sally on 13 May 1837. She was previously owned by John S. Crockett. [40]
  • James E. Brown purchased a Negro girl slave named Frances aged 12 years old from Robert J. Crockett for the use and benefit of his wife Isabella Brown on 16 Aug. 1843. [41]
  • Thomas Mathews of Richmond City sold an enslaved Negro girl named Isabel to Samuel Price, trustee of Elizabeth Crockett, wife of Gustavus Crockett on 10 Mar. 1849. [42]
  • Polly Sayers emancipated an enslaved person named Coroloman on 17 Mar. 1851. [43]
  • Mary Sayers emancipated an enslaved person named Anslem Lynch on 13 Aug. 1852. [44]
  • Mary Sayers emancipated an enslaved person named Leander (age 26) on 13 Aug 1852. [45]
  • James Crockett sold the following enslaved persons to Ephraim McGavock on behalf of his daughter Esther and her children (she being the wife of Alfred A. Crockett): Juliann (aged 23 years), Susan (6 years), Malvina (4 years), Richard (2 years). [46]
  • John S. Crockett sold to Robert Gibboney a Negro woman named Hannah and her five children (Edmund, Harvey, Sarah, Mary and an infant female child) on 5 May 1860.[47]

Slaves mentioned in Crockett family wills

John Crockett will dated 9 June 1835. [48]

Daughter Polly- “five negroes (to wit) a woman named Milly, a woman named Sarah, a girl named Mary, a boy named Joseph and a boy named Milton and also the present children and the future increase of the said females slaves to her and her heirs forever.”
Daughter Margaret “five negroes (to wit) a Boy named Perry, a girl names Jude, a boy named Charles, a girl named Catharine, and a girl named Francis…. Together with the future increase of said female slaves to her and her heirs forever”
Son Samuel- two negroes to be taken at the appraisement of those persons, or to include other negro at his own discretion.

Moses J. Crockett will dated 3 February 1837. [49]

Sister Isabella C. Brown- Francis, a negro belonging to my Father’s estate [father was Robert Crockett]
Brother Stephen S. Crockett “the remainder of the Slaves belonging to my Fathers estate, except the one already [illegible] to my Sister Isabella, Namely Philip, Milly, Charles and Albert

Ephraim D. Crockett will dated 9 September 1840. [50]

no slaves listed

Samuel Crockett will dated 25 September 1841. [51]

Property to wife Agnes, no slaves listed (but see below).

Joseph Crockett will dated 5 May 1852. [52]

Son Robert Crockett- slaves Jerry, Anna, Grace, Sally and her son Alexander. First three slaves “are considerable advanced in age and must soon became a charge this is my principal reason why I have given Sally and her son Alexander to my said son Robert.”

Agnes Crockett, will dated 13 October 1853. [53]

Son Robert Crockett to receive negro boy Harry/Harvy
Son Joseph Newton Crockett negro boy Jacob
Son Samuel Rush Crockett negro girl Winny and her child Ned
Son Thompson Sayers Crockett negro boy David
Grandson John C. Raper negro boy Charles
Granddaughter Mary Ann Raper negro girl Mary
Granddaughter Mary Agnes Wood negro girl Milly

Jane L. Crockett will dated 16 July 1853. [54] No slaves

Nancy Crockett will dated 30 December 1854. [55]

Daughter Catherine Sayers- negro woman Patsey and all of her increase except Miram and her children; Also Joanna and all her children I give to my daughter Catherine Sayers.
Grandson John Crockett- negro boy Lazarus and negro girl Mary
Grandson John Crockett- negro boy John
“I order in my will that my Slaves Old Jim, Peggy, Jack, Bob, young Jim, Agnes, Miriam and all her children have their freedom at my decease. I furthermore order in my will that my executors out of the proceeds of the sale of my personal property, retain & put on interest the sum of Forty dollars which sum with its interest, to be appropriated to the removal of my said negro woman Miriam and her children, old Jim and Peggy to a free state, after my decease.”

James Crockett will dated 19 June 1858.[56]

No slaves listed. However, one slave listed in the probate of his estate: Alfred.


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  55. Probate: "Virginia, U.S., Wills and Probate Records, 1652-1900"
    Wythe > Will Book, 1833-1903 > image 30 of 100
    Ancestry Sharing Link - Ancestry Image (accessed 29 June 2022)
  56. Probate: "Virginia, U.S., Wills and Probate Records, 1652-1900"
    Wythe > Wills, Vol 9-10, 1855-1865 > image 573 of 714
    Ancestry Sharing Link - Ancestry Image (accessed 4 July 2022)
    James Crockett.




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I think I have identified the likely slave owners mentioned by Wesley Evans and Caroline Brown. The 1860 slave schedules don't have a great match for their age, but since there was an Andrew Ellett and a George Miniss, both living in the 2nd Ward of Richmond, I think these are the correct people, but didn't want to add links until someone else took a look.

(I hope I did the USBH categories correctly)

posted by M Cole
edited by M Cole