Mikhail Sholokhov was born May 24th in 1905 (old style May 11th) in Imperial Russia, in the "land of the Cossacks" – the Kruzhilin hamlet, part of stanitsa Vyoshenskaya, in the former Administrative Region of the Don Cossack Host. His father, a Russian, Aleksander Mikhailovich Sholokhov, was a member of the lower middle class, at different times a farmer, a cattle trader, and a miller. Sholokhov's mother, Anastasia Danilovna Chernikova, the widow of a Cossack, came from Ukrainian peasant stock (her father was a peasant in the Chernihiv oblast). She did not become literate until a point in her life when she wanted to correspond with her son. His family were not Don Cossacks, but "inogorodnye" (outlanders), the rather disparaging term used by the Don Cossacks for outsiders who settled in their territory by the banks of the Don. The "inogorodyne" tended to be much poorer than the Don Cossacks and were excluded from voting for officials in the Host government (the Don Cossack Host were allowed to elect its leaders, except for the ataman who headed the Host, who was always appointed by the Emperor). [1]
He was a Sovietian author in Russian and the winner of the 1965 Nobel Prize in Literature. He is known for writing about life and fate of Don Cossacks during the Russian Revolution, the civil war and the period of collectivization, primarily in his most famous novel, And Quiet Flows the Don. [1]
Wikipedia profile in Russian for Михаил Шолохов [1]
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Wikipedia profile in English for Mikhail Sholokhov