Joseph was born in North Carolina between 1794 and 1804. The 1850 and 1860 census both list him as 56 years old. Since there is no source which definitively states his birthdate, an estimate in the middle of the range is appropriate. His parents are possibly Archibald Prater and Molly Lance. Gary Benton Prater's research makes this connection, but the primary source is elusive.
He married Sarah, possibly a Malone, also of North Carolina, by 1822. They had eight children recorded on the 1850 and 1860 census. Three more, Joseph, Thomas, and Mary, are named in some secondary sources, but no primary source is presently known to confirm them as members of this family. Their estimated or known birth years do fit, however.
1822-?: Joseph? listed in some sources but not with the family as of the 1850 census, maybe married?
1825->1900: John, m. Nancy Youngblood, 1852
1829-1868: Thomas M. m. Letty Jane Farley, 1846
1831->1879: William Riley, m. Tabitha Farley, 1855
1833-1890: Mary? m. William James West, <1850
1836: Martha, m. Charles Farley, 1855
1838-1915: Nancy Emaline, m. 1st Patton Fowler; m. 2nd William Thomas Youngblood, 1863
1840-1917: James Harvey, m. Martha Wallace, 1874
1842->1860: MInerva J., marriage unknown
1845-1895: Gabriel Dallas, m. Mary Frances Woods, 1869
1847->1880: Lutecia Ann, m. William Henry Wallace, 1863
Joseph died in 1868. He is buried in Ivy Bluff Cemetery in Centertown, Tennessee. Sarah survived him until at least 1880 when she is found living in son, James Harvey's, household.
Sources
"United States Census, 1850," database with images, FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:MCD4-GQL : 23 December 2020), Joseph Prater, Cannon, Tennessee, United States; citing family , NARA microfilm publication (Washington, D.C.: National Archives and Records Administration, n.d.).
"United States Census, 1880," database with images, FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:MDQP-4YT : 20 February 2021), Sarah Prator in household of James H Prator, District 8, Cannon, Tennessee, United States; citing enumeration district ED 23, sheet 527B, NARA microfilm publication T9 (Washington, D.C.: National Archives and Records Administration, n.d.), FHL microfilm 1,255,246.
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DNA Connections
It may be possible to confirm family relationships with Joseph by comparing test results with other carriers of his Y-chromosome or his mother's mitochondrial DNA.
Y-chromosome DNA test-takers in his direct paternal line on WikiTree: