| Malcolm Fraser AC CH GCL is managed by the Australia Project. Join: Australia Project Discuss: australia |
Preceded by Gough Whitlam |
22nd Prime Minister of Australia 11 November 1975 to 11 March 1983 |
Succeeded by Bob Hawke |
Malcolm Fraser AC CH GCL PC, as Leader of the Opposition, was asked to take over the position of caretaker Prime Minister by the Governor-General Sir John Kerr when Gough Whitlam was dismissed in legal but controversial circumstances in November 1975. He won the subsequent election in a landslide, becoming entitled as The Right Honourable. He was subsequently Prime Minister for seven and a half years, winning two further elections.
John Malcolm Fraser was born in Toorak, Victoria, on 21 May 1930. He was known by his middle name - Malcolm. He was the younger child of Una Arnold Woolf and John Neville Fraser, a pastoralist of Scottish descent who had trained as a lawyer, owned property in the Riverina district of New South Wales. He later bought Nareen, a sheep station near Hamilton, Victoria. Malcolm Fraser's paternal grandfather, Simon Fraser, emigrated from Nova Scotia in 1853 and became a land speculator and pastoralist. Simon Fraser entered Victorian Parliament, participated in the Federal Conventions of 1897-1898 and became a Senator at Federation. Malcolm's maternal grandfather, Louis Woolf, who was of Jewish descent, emigrated from New Zealand.
Malcolm Fraser was home-schooled until the age of ten, then boarded at Tudor House, Moss Vale, New South Wales (1940-43), before going on to Melbourne Grammar (1944-48). He entered Magdalen College, University of Oxford, England, where he read Philosophy, Politics and Economics (PPE), graduating in 1952 with third-class honours. He worked as a grazier at Nareen after returning from Oxford. He began attending meetings of the Young Liberals in Hamilton, soon becoming acquainted with many of the local party officials.
Malcolm unsuccessfully contested the federal seat of Wannon as the Liberal candidate at the 1954 general election, but was elected in 1955. He was a Minister from 1966 to 1972, and was elected Liberal Party Leader in 1975. During his seven and a half years as Prime Minister (1975-83), he approved the mining and export of uranium from the Kakadu region and completed the passage of the Aboriginal Land Rights (Northern Territory) Act 1976, which was introduced under Prime Minister Gough Whitlam. But it was not until his post-political life that Malcolm spoke out most strongly on Indigenous issues, even chastising his former Liberal colleagues for their policies and decisions. Most notably he expressed concerns about the NT government’s Stronger Futures in the Northern Territory policy of 2012, which was an extension to the National Emergency Response legislative package introduced by the Howard Government in 2007 (better known as the NT Intervention)[1].
Malcolm became engaged to be married to Tamara Margaret 'Tammie' Beggs; announced in The Argus on 25 May 1956. [2] They married on 9 December that year, [3] and subsequently had four children.
Malcolm was appointed Companion of Honour (CH) on 28th January 1977 in recognition of his service to Australia as Prime Minister [4] and, in the Queen's Birthday Honours 1988, Companion of the Order of Australia (AC) in recognition of 'service to the government and politics and to the Parliament of the Commonwealth of Australia'. [5]
Aged 84 years, Malcolm died in Melbourne on 20 March 2015. He was given a State funeral in Scots' Church, Melbourne on 27 March 2015. His ashes are interred within the Prime Ministers Garden of Melbourne General Cemetery.[6]
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