Cadwallon ap Cadfan (abt. 600 - abt. 634)

Born about 0600 in Kingdom of Gwynedd

Ancestors

Descendants

Died about 0634 at about age 34 in Heavenfield, Denis's-Brook, Northumberland, England

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Biography

Name

(O)uen map (H)iguel map Catell map Rotri map Mermin map Etthil merch Cinnan map Rotri map Iutguaul map Catgualart map Catgollaun map Catman map Iacob map Beli map Run map Mailcun map Catgolaun Iauhir map Eniaun girt map Cuneda map Ætern map Patern Pesrut map Tacit map Cein map Guorcein map Doli map Guordoli map Dumn map Gurdumn map Amguoloyt map Anguerit map Oumun map Dubun map Brithguein map Eugein map Aballac map Amalach, qui fuit beli magni filius et Anna mater eius quam dicunt esse consobrina mariæ uirginis matris d’ni n’ri ih’u xp’i.^[1]

Name: Cadwallon King of Gwynedd /ap Cadfan/^[2]

Name: /Calwaladr/^[3][4]

Name: /Cadwallon/ II, King of Gwynedd

Birth

Born before 631

Ancestry of Essylt

Stewart Baldwin provides the following pedigree for Esyllt:

1. 13|4097. Esyllt ferch Cynan Dindaethwy [HG.1: "Etthil merch Cinnan"] [Note: The best and earliest sources give her as the mother of Merfyn Frych. Later sources erroneously assign her as Merfyn's wife. ^[5]
2. 14|8194. Cynan Dindaethwy ap Rhodri Molwynog, king of Gwynedd, d. 816 [AC] [HG.1: "Cinnan map Rotri"] ^[5]
3. 15|16388. Rhodri Molwynog ab Idwal Iwrch, d. ca. 754 [AC] [HG.1: "Rotri map Iutguaul"] ^[5]
4. 16|32776. Idwal Iwrch ap Cadwaladr Fendigaid [HG.1: "Iutguaul map Catgualart"] ^[5]
5. 17|65552. Cadwaladr Fendigaid ap Cadwallon, king of Gwynedd, d. 664 or 682? (sources differ, but the latter date, from AC, seems more likely) [HG.1: "Catgualart map Catgollaun"] ^[5]
6. 18|131104. Cadwallon ap Cadfan, king of Gwynedd, d. 634 [AC] [HG.1: "Catgollaun map Catman"] ^[5]
7. 19|262208. Catamanus (Cadfan ap Iago), king of Gwynedd, early seventh century, whose tombstone survives at Llangadwaladr ("Catamanus rex sapientisimus opinatisimus omnium regum" [CIIC.970; ECMW.13]) [HG.1: "Catman map Iacob"] ^[5]
8. 20|524416. Iago, king of Gwynedd, d. ca. 616 [AC, which should only be considered approximate]. [Note: Since Iago apparently died only 18 years (or thereabouts) before his grandson Cadwallon, he was evidently elderly at the time. Thus, as has been pointed out on numerous occasions, there are chronological difficulties with accepting his traditional pedigree [HG.1: "... Iacob map Beli map Rhun map Mailcun ..."], which would make him the great-grandson of the famous Maelgwn Gwynedd, king of Gwynedd, and contemporary of Gildas, who is frequently dated to the middle of the sixth century (perhaps not correctly). Despite these doubts, the traditional genealogy of Iago is not absolutely impossible, even if Maelgwn died in the middle of the sixth century. Furthermore, since the AC obituary of Maelgwn has been convincingly shown to be a tenth century fabrication (see "Gildas and Maelgwn: Problems of Dating", by David N. Dumville, in Gildas: New Approaches (ed. Lapidge & Dumville, The Boydell Press), 51-9), it is not impossible that both Gildas and Maelgwn should be dated earlier in the sixth century, which would ease the chronological problems caused by the above genealogy. Thus, if a consensus should arise that the work of Gildas should be dated a generation or so earlier than it normally has been, the skeptical position on these earlier generations might have to be reevaluated.] ^[5]

Marriage

Cadwallon married a sister (some sources list as half-sister) of Penda, a child of Pybba of Mercia,^[6] son of Crioda

625 Crowned King of Gwynedd

Event: Crowned King of Gwynedd upon the death of his father, Cadfan ap Iago

Type: Coronation

Date: 625

Place: Kingdom of Gwynedd

Note: 1. Cadwallon reigned from 616 to 634.

633 Battle of Hatfield Chase

Event: Defeated and killed Northumbrian king, Edwin and his son/heir, Osfrith

Type: Battle of Hatfield Chase

Date: 12 OCT 633

Place: Hatfield Chase, Northumbria

King of the Britons

Cadwallon ap Cadfan (died 634[1]) was the King of Gwynedd from around 625 until his death in battle. The son and successor of Cadfan ap Iago, he is best remembered as the King of the Britons who devastated Northumbria, defeating and killing its king, Edwin, prior to his own death in battle against Oswald of Bernicia. ^[7]

Puffin Island

The historian Bede, writing about a century after Cadwallon's death, mentions that Edwin, the most powerful king in Britain, extended his rule to the Isle of Man and Anglesey.[2] The Annales Cambriae says that Cadwallon was besieged at Glannauc (Priestholm, or Puffin Island), a small island off eastern Anglesey, and dates this to 629.[3] Surviving Welsh poetry portrays Cadwallon as a heroic leader against Edwin. It refers to a battle at Digoll (Long Mountain) and mentions that Cadwallon spent time in Ireland before returning to Britain to defeat Edwin.[4] ^[7]

654 Battle of Winwaed

According to Geoffrey of Monmouth's History of the Kings of Britain (which includes a fairly extensive account of Cadwallon's life but is largely legendaryÑfor example, Geoffrey has Cadwallon surviving until after the Battle of the Winwaed in 654 or 655), Cadwallon went to Ireland and then to the island of Guernsey. From there, according to Geoffrey, Cadwallon led an army into Dumnonia, where he encountered and defeated the Mercians besieging Exeter, and forced their king, Penda, into an alliance. Geoffrey also reports that Cadwallon married a half-sister of Penda.[5] However, his history is, on this as well as all matters, suspect, and it should be treated with caution. ^[7]

633 Battle of Hatfield Chase

In any case, Penda and Cadwallon together made war against the Northumbrians. A battle was fought at Hatfield Chase on October 12, 633[1] which ended in the defeat and death of Edwin and his son Osfrith.[6] After this, the Kingdom of Northumbria fell into disarray, divided between its sub-kingdoms of Deira and Bernicia,[7] but the war continued: according to the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, "Cadwallon and Penda went and did for the whole land of Northumbria".[8] Bede says that Cadwallon was besieged by the new king of Deira, Osric, "in a strong town"; Cadwallon, however, "sallied out on a sudden with all his forces, by surprise, and destroyed him [Osric] and all his army." After this, according to Bede, Cadwallon ruled over the "provinces of the Northumbrians" for a year, "not like a victorious king, but like a rapacious and bloody tyrant."[7] Furthermore, Bede tells us that Cadwallon, "though he bore the name and professed himself a Christian, was so barbarous in his disposition and behaviour, that he neither spared the female sex, nor the innocent age of children, but with savage cruelty put them to tormenting deaths, ravaging all their country for a long time, and resolving to cut off all the race of the English within the borders of Britain."[6] ^[7]

633 or 634 Death

The new king of Bernicia, Eanfrith, was also killed by Cadwallon when the former went to him in an attempt to negotiate peace. However, Cadwallon was defeated by an army under Eanfrith's brother, Oswald, at the Battle of Heavenfield, "though he had most numerous forces, which he boasted nothing could withstand". Cadwallon was killed at a place called "Denis's-brook". in 633 or 634 ^[7]

Sources

1. ↑ Harleian genealogies 1: Gwynedd part 1, amb
2. ↑ Ancestry Family Trees: Ancestry Profile
3. ↑ Source: #S155 Data: Text: Date of Import: Mar 6, 2002
4. ↑ Source: #S156 Data: Text: Date of Import: Mar 12, 2002
5. ↑ ^{5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 5.7} Stewart Baldwin. Llywelyn ap Iorwerth ancestor table First presented in GEN-MEDIEVAL/soc.genealogy.medieval
6. ↑ David Hughes, The British Chronicles, p. 255, Volume 1, added 2014-07-30, amb
7. ↑ ^{7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4} Wikipedia. Cadwallon ap Cadfan. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadwallon_ap_Cadfan. Accessed Jan 27, 2017

• Source: S155 Title: yalehenry.FTW NOTESource Medium: Other
• Source: S156 Title: yaledavid.FTW NOTESource Medium: Other

Source S5: Title: Ancestry Family Trees: Publication: Name: Online publication - Provo, UT, USA: The Generations Network. Original data: Family Tree files submitted by Ancestry members.;

Source S-2024265470

Repository: #R-2024265400

Title: Royal Line, The

Author: Albert F Schmuhl

Publication: Orig. March, 1929 NYC, NY - Rev. March 1980

Note: Good

 :: Genealogical lineages may not always be from father to son, especially Houses of Kings

 :: NS073213

 :: Source Media Type: Manuscript

Wikipedia Notes and references

1. ^ a b A difference in the interpretation of Bede's dates has led to the question of whether Cadwallon was killed in 634 or the year earlier, 633. Cadwallon died in the year after Hatfield Chase, which Bede reports as occurring in October 633; but if Bede's years are believed to have actually started in September, as some historians have argued, then Hatfield Chase would have occurred in 632, and therefore Cadwallon would have died in 633. Other historians have argued against this view of Bede's chronology, however, favoring the dates as he gives them.

2. ^ Bede, H. E., Book II, chapter 9. Bede calls these two islands the Mevanian Islands.

3. ^ Annales Cambriae, 629.

4. ^ D. P. Kirby, The Earliest English Kings (1991, 2000), pages 71Ð72.

5. ^ Geoffrey of Monmouth, The History of the Kings of Britain, Part Eight: "The Saxon Domination."

6. ^ a b Bede, H. E., Book II, chapter 20.

7. ^ a b c Bede, H. E., Book III, chapter 1.

8. ^ Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, manuscript E, year 633. Translated by Michael Swanton (1996, 1998).

[edit]

Further reading

 ? Alex Woolf, "Caedualla Rex Brittonum and the Passing of the Old North", in Northern History, Vol. 41, Issue 1, March 2004, pages 5Ð24. Woolf presents a case against the identification of the Cadwallon mentioned in Bede's history with a son of Cadfan.

PrecededÊby

Cadfan ap Iago

Kings of Gwynedd

SucceededÊby

Cadfael Cadomedd

PrecededÊby

Cadvan

Mythical British Kings

SucceededÊby

Cadwallader

Acknowledgements

This person was created through the import of master 11_12.ged on 21 October 2010.

This person was created through the import of LJ Pellman Consolidated Family_2011-03-21.ged on 21 March 2011.

WikiTree profile Calwaladr-1 created through the import of Sara Betty Northrup_2011-07-29.ged on Jul 29, 2011 by Alexis Connolly. See the Changes page for the details of edits by Alexis and others.

• WikiTree profile Cadwallon-3 created through the import of Spencer Family Tree 4 2002.GED on Nov 28, 2011 by Chet Spencer. See the Changes page for the details of edits by Chet and others.

• WikiTree profile UNKNOWN-128868 created through the import of My Family File.ged on Nov 16, 2011 by Lance Foster. See the Changes page for the details of edits by Lance and others.