Maria (Kraher) Flerl (bef. 1704 - bef. 1767)

Born before 12 Jul 1704 in Saalfeldfen, Saltzburg, Holy Roman Empire [uncertain]

Wife of Johannes Moshammer — married 29 Oct 1733 in Augsburg, Germany

Wife of Peter Gruber — married 23 Feb 1736 in Ebenezer, Province of Georgia

Wife of Carolus (Floerl) Flerl — married 29 Jan 1742 in Ebenezer, Province of Georgia

Descendants

Died before 14 Jul 1767 at about age 63 in Ebenezer, St. Matthew Parish, Georgia

Problems/Questions Profile manager: Judie Serode [send private message]

Biography

Maria (Kraher) Gruber arrived 12 Mar 1734 aboard the 1st Salzburg Transport "Purysburg"

Maria (Kraher) Flerl was a Georgia colonist.

Maria’s parents were Peter Kraher and Margaret Grundtner. (See: under Research Notes, Origins Confirmed about the resolved conflict that caused questions.) On 12 Aug 1704 there is a baptismal (Taufe) record from Salzburg, Österreich (Austria) naming Maria and the attached parents (also see attached image “Maria Kraher”).^{[1] [2]} This would make her birth on or within a few days of 12 Jul 1704.

Arrival in Augsburg

Maria was recorded to have been “born in Stockham upon Heeth “in the County of Saalfeldfen” aged 28 Years” (Note: footnote 117 “Probably an anglicization of some name like Stockheim auf der Heide”)^[3] when she arrived in Augsburg 5 Sep 1733.^[4] This would make her birth within the year before 5 Sep 1705.

The following Saltzburg Emigrants that were resolved to go to Georgia made their way to Augsburg, arrived over several weeks and stayed there between 5 Sep 1733 to 31 Oct 1733 . ^[5] 5 Sep 1733 1. Hans Grueber 2. Paulus Schaghofer [Schwaighofer] and wife. 3. Margaretta Prindlinge 4. Maria, child 5. Thomas, child 6. Ursula, child 7. Lorentz Hueber and wife. 8. Maria Mandeliter 9. Magdalena, child 10. Johannes, child 11. Maria, child 12. Margaretta, child 13. Christian Steiner 14. Balthazar Fleiss 15. Jerg Schwaigger 16. Thomas Gehwandt [Geschwandel] and wife. 17. Margaretta Hofer. 18. Margaretta, child 19. Anna Hofer Sister to # 17 20. Tobias Lackner 21. Johannes Mashemer [Mosshamer] 22. Barbara Rohrmoser 23. Gertraut Kroer, daughter to # 22 24. Catharina Kroer, daughter to # 22 25. Maria Kroer unmarried Step Daughter to # 22 26. George Beucher [Buecher] and Wife 27. Ursula Madreiter, 28. Regina, child 29. Barbara, child 30. Simon, child 31. Matthias, child 32. Johannes, child 33. Catharine, child 34. Margaret [Martin] Hertzog (Note on other pages was Martin Hertzog) 35. Maria Reiter 36. Christian Leinberger 37. Mattheus Mietersteiner, 24 Sep 1733 38. Peter Grueber 39. Simon Reiter 9 Oct 1733. 40. Stephen Hirdelsperger 41. George Bartholomeus Roth and Wife 42. Maria Barbara Oswald 19 Oct 1733 43. Bartholomeus Riste [Rieser] and wife. 44. Maria Zugseisen 45. Michael, child 46. Balthazar, child 47. George, child 48. Leonard Rouner [Rauner] 30 Oct 1733 49. Matthew Braumberger

Johannes and Maria were married the day after St. Simon and Jude day on 29 Oct 1733 in St. Ann’s Church^{[6] [7]} in Augsburg, Germany with the settlers they traveled with attending.^[8]

Journey to Rotterdam, Dover and Ebenezer

Following a letter in Henry Newman’s Salzburger Letterbooks from Isaac Minet at Dover in Kent dated 10 Jan 1733/4, a list of Saltzburg-Emigrants are named who set out from Augsburg in October 1733 “under the Conduct of Mr. Von Reck Commissary, and arrived at Rotterdam^[9] the 16 November following and Embarked on board the Purrysburg Commanded by Capt. Tobias Fry for Georgia the 21st Ditto 1733” (Note: 21st is in error, the settlers left 31 Oct (pg 346)). The group consisted of 26 men, 7 women, 10 girls and 2 boys for a total of 45. The persons making to journey included:^[10]

1. Mr. Von Reck, Commissary
2. J. Martin Boltzius Pastor
3. Is. Christ. Gronau Pastor
4. Christopher Ortmann, Schoolmaster
5. * Juliana wife
6. John Andr. Zweiffler Apothacary
7. Christian Schweikert Servant/Footman/Cook to Reck DIED 1735
8. Thomas [Ge]Schwandel
9. * Margaret wife DIED 1735
10. * Margaret daughter
11. John Moshammer DIED 1735
12. * Mary wife
13. Paul Schwaighoffer
14. * Margaret wife
15. * Mary daughter
16. * Thomas son
17. * Ursula daughter
18. Lorentz Hueber DIED 1734
19. * Mary wife DIED 1734
20. * Magdalena daughter DIED 1734
21. * John son DIED 1735
22. * Mary daughter DIED 1735
23. * Margaret, daughter
24. Barbara Rohrmoserin DIED 1735
25. * Katharine daughter
26. * Gertrude daughter
27. Maria Reiter DIED 1734
28. Anna Hofferin [Hofer] DIED 1735
29. Hans Grueber DIED 1734
30. Christian Steiner DIED 1735
31. Balthazar Fleiss DIED 1734
32. Jerg [Georg] Swaigger George Schweiger
33. Tobias Larkner [Lackner] DIED 1734
34. Peter Grueber
35. Simon Reiter
36. Martin Herzog
37. Christian Leimberger
38. Stephen Reidelsperger
39. Matthew Mittersteiner DIED 1734
40. Simon Rauschgot DIED 1735
41. Leonard Rauner
42. Matthias/Matthew Braunberger DIED 1734
43. George Bartholomeus Roth DIED 1735
44. * Mary Barbara wife
45. Gilbert Beque
46. * wife removed from ship 14 Dec 1733
47. * child removed from ship 14 Dec 1733
48. * child removed from ship 14 Dec 1733

Information on the family according to A List of Early Settlers of Georgia is:

• # 1042 Moshamer, Jo.—Husbandman; em bark'd 14 Dec. 1733; arrived 12 Mar. 1733-4. Saltsburger settled at Ebenezar. (Ebenezer, Province of Georgia).
• # 1043 ——, Maria, w.—Saltsburger settled at Ebenezar”^[11]

According to a journal by Egmont information on the family was:

• Moshamer, Jo, husbandman, embark’d 14 Dec. 1733; arrived 12 Mar. 1733-4. Saltsburger settled at Ebenezar. (Ebenezer, Province of Georgia).
• ___ Maria, w.^[12]

Johann Martin Boltzius and Israel Christian Gronau kept a travel diary of their journey. In November and December 1733, the Salzburgers made their way to England and endured their ship running aground and much seasickness. Highlights of their journey include:

• 25 Nov 1733 Boltzius and Gronau) arrived in Rotterdam. “On November 27th, the Saltzburgers, for whose sake we had come here, finally arrived with their Commissioner von Reck.”
• On the 30th the Saltzburgers were assigned quarters in two houses,
• 2 Dec 1733 “the Saltzburgers were again brought aboard a ship, which, however, did not leave the harbor until the night of December 3rd.”
• 7 Dec1733 “our ship ran aground on a sandbar, and consequently we had to remain in the same place for several days.”
• 11 Dec 1733 - “As very slow progress is made by ships on the Maass River^[13], we did not reach the sea until the 19th of (typo November) December.”
• 20 Dec 1733 “the following day, which was a Sunday, could not be used for the edification of all according to our wish and desire because we and our congregation were overtaken by seasickness caused by the violent movement of the ship. “
• 21 Dec 1733 “we arrived near Dover^[14] but could not enter the harbor for lack of a pilot who was supposed to come from Dover to meet us and guide our ship through the dangerous waters”.
• 22 Dec 1733 “some of the Saltzburgers, particularly women who had become somewhat discouraged by the diffculties of the boat trip, let it be known that they would prefer to stay here in this country; but they were encouraged again and acquiesced. Afterwards, the Saltzburgers were taken off the ship by us and Commissioner von Reck and were led in pairs to a certain house where a meal had been prepared for them. “
• 25 Dec 1733 December 25th 1733 the “emissary of the Trustees [Coram] has stayed with us and will remain here until everything on the ship has been put in order. We had a very great storm for several days, and one ship was wrecked in this neighborhood. Thus God did us a very special favor by bringing us into the harbor in time and mercifully protecting us from damage. “ ^[15]

“Because now, with respect to the calendar, we have to adjust ourselves to the English way, we are starting to arrange our diary according to it, and therefore, make the beginning (Note: they switched to the Julian calendar). ^[16]

• 21 December 1733, the “Saltzburgers were bound by oath and had to promise with hand and mouth to be subject to the English government, their present authority, and, as subjects, to show obedience in their enjoyment of the rights and freedoms of the land. On this occasion the following ceremony took place: There appeared before us Captain Coram, deputy for the Trustees, and also the captain of our ship [Tobias Fry] and an English merchant [William Sale]. In their presence Commissioner von Reck gave a brief address in which he praised the good deeds done for the Saltzburgers and urged upon them gratitude to God and to their benefactors. After they had promised obedience with a loud yes, a proclamation, written in German, was read to them in the name of the Trustees, which told them about the freedoms and privileges they were to enjoy in this land and also about their duties. Hereafter the names of the Saltzburgers were written on the bottom of the proclamation. Then the Saltzburgers had to touch the paper and were asked whether they meant to honor all of this. They confirmed it with a yes and then shook the deputy’s [Coram’s] hand.”
• 7 Jan 1734 They were not able to set sail due to the wind.
• 8 Jan 1734, the settlers sailed from Dover. They sailed on the Purysburg.^[17]
• 9 Jan 1734 “Just as most of the people became very sick at the beginning of the voyage, we too have become stricken by seasickness. But it is not as violent as it was on the trip from Rotterdam to Dover.”
• 10 Jan 1734 “Today our bodies were strengthened again. With the favorable wind we passed this morning out of the English Channel, which is 300 English miles long.” They documented day to day occurrences. They prayed and sang hymns.
• 23 Feb 1734 they saw white birds indicating land was near and flying fish.
• 4 Mar 1734 land was sighted.
• 7 Mar 1734 some of the settlers were permitted to go to Charleston in a sloop. They wrote a list of things they had noted.
• 9 Mar 1734 they were back on the ship.
• 12 Mar 1734 some of the settlers were taken ashore to Savannah.
• 13 Mar 1734 a tent was set up for the Salzburgers.
• 17 Mar 1734 a male child was born.
• 20 Mar 1734 several settlers left to go build houses and bridges where they were going to live.
• 26 Mar 1734 they learned that the place where they were going to live and the river was to be called Ebenezer, and was named by Oglethorpe.
• 20 Apr 1734 they learned how to make half beer and a recipe was noted.
• 24 Apr they received 12 of 30 head of cattle.
• 27 Mar 1734 they were made aware of rattlesnakes.
• 28 Mar 1734 the settlers are slowly moving to Ebenezer, Province of Georgia and some are at Abercorn and some already at Ebenezer.
• 4 Apr 1734 they received some wild cows and calves and are working to transport them to Ebenezer. Some of the settlers are becoming ill.
• 3 May they received 10 barrels of seeds sent by ship.
• 7 May 1734, Gronau is in Ebenezer and Boltzius is in Abercorn. The settlers continued to move to Ebenezer.
• 31 May 1734 an Indian killed a deer, brought it to the settlers and told them to take what they wanted of it.
• 5 Jun 1734, Boltzius, who had been to Charleston, was now in Ebenezer.
• 14 Jun 1734 - last week, Georg Schweiger and Anna Hofer said they wanted to marry and the marriage was performed on the 14th. ^[18]

Life in Ebenezer

8 May 1734 A Letter of thanks from “Hanns Moshammer, His Wife, and Barbara Kräuer” (FN 21) [from Abercorn] was written to the Editor [Urlsperger in Augsburg] and was signed “Hanns Moshammer, Maria Moshammer, Barbara Kräuer” and her two daughters. (Note: The footnote 21 is one of two footnotes in the book identifying Maria and Barbara as sisters and Maria the aunt of Maria’s two daughters.)^[19] Although the family settled in Ebenezer, Province of Georgia, they stayed a short while in Abercorn, Province of Georgia.

15 Jun 1734 Maria and Johannes were still in Abercorn taking care of the sick. Because Johannes is taking care of the sick, he has not been able to take care of his land in Ebenezer. (Note FN 52 is “ Moshammer had married Maria Kroeer, the aunt of Catherine and Gertrude Kroeer, who later married Gronau and Boltzius.”) ^[20]

26 Oct 1734 Hans Gruber had been ill with dysentery and Maria and Johannas along with other Salzburger’s took care of him.^[21]

10 Jan 1735 two Huber orphans, a boy and girl, have been ill with scurvy and dysentery and are bedridden. Maria and Johannes have been taking care of them. The next day the boy died quietly.^[22]

28-31 Aug 1735 Maria and Johannes have been taking care of the Huber girl who is ill and an orphan. The Bacher family offered to take care of her because Johannes and Maria have been ill. For several days they remain ill and weak.^[23]

Johannes died Tuesday 2 Sep 1735 about noon. Maria and Johannes had been ill since before the 28 Aug 1735.^[24]

23 Feb 1736 Boltzius recorded in his journal that he “married Peter Gruber and Maria,“the widowed Mrs. Moshammer”. Several people from the church were invited to the wedding. Boltzius wrote “Both of them are upright [very devout] people and industrious workers.”^[25]

10 Jan 1738 Boltzius wrote that they dedicated the new orphan house and that most of the congregation attended. “The people who live together in the house are i) Kalcher and his wife and child, 2) Mrs. Schweighofer, a true Hannah (Luke 2:3), 3) the Salzburger Herzog as handyman, and 4) the orphans, namely three boys and eight girls. The ninth, to wit, Margaret Huber, remains for cogent reasons under the supervision of Peter Gruber and his wife”^[26]

10 Feb 1738 Peter and Maria wrote a letter to Germany. See attached letter identified as Series 2, Image 3. Translation description from note on photo: "letter by Peter Gruber and his wife Maria nee Kraher from Ebenezer, GA, to Samuel Urlsperger, dated 10 Feb 1738. Essentially reporting that they are doing well, both bodily and spiritually; though they had been sick the two previous summers, they managed to sell some surplus corn two summers ago and even managed to get a good harvest last summer when others were doing poorly. posted Apr 05, 2021 by [Living Geschwind]"

Tuesday 19 Sept 1738 Maria and Peter had a son (NOTE: no name was listed for the infant) that was baptized that day. On Saturday 23 Sept 1738 Boltzius wrote in his journal that Peter’s son had died yesterday evening. He noted that Maria had not been able to “provide nourishment” for the infant.^[27]

Thursday 12 Oct 1738 Boltzius visited Maria after the prayer meeting and discussed the kindness of God. Maria told him that Margaretha (Gruber is a typo in the text and is Hueber) had given them many problems after her parents died and they made the decision to send her away. However after God took their child back, she and Peter decided to keep her as their own child and she prayed to God and God was merciful.^[28]

26 Oct 1739 Peter Gruber signed a letter of thanks to the benefactors in Germany of the Saltzburger's, along with the inhabitants of Ebenezer. This letter notes the names of wives and includes Maria Gruber, nee Kroehr. ^[29]

21 Jan 1740 Boltzius wrote that Mrs. Gruber (Peter and Maria) delivered a child (NOTE: no name was recorded. Later on 1 June 1741, only 2 Grubers are listed in Ebenezer in Boltzius’ journal, Maria is with the adults and Johannes is listed with the children. No other Grubers or Gruebers were found listed in Ebenezer that year.^[30]).^[31] When Maria wrote her will 18 Jun 1764, she named her son John (variation of Johannes) and deceased husband Peter.^{[32] [33] [34] [35]}

Tuesday 2 Dec 1740 Maria’s husband Peter died. Boltzius wrote that he was notified that Peter was having a conversation with Zubeli when "he suddenly fell over and died." "Previously he had complained about nothing but his old ailment, which often pressed his chest." He noted that Peter was placed in a coffin, taken from his plantation to town (Ebenezer) and buried 3 Dec 1740 in the churchyard.^[36]

29 Jan 1742 Boltzius noted in his journal that this day, Carl Flerl married the widow (Mary) Gruber.^[37]

Saturday, 8 Jan 1743 Carl’s wife became ill with a fever after giving birth (neither the name of the infant nor date of birth were given) to a son and asked Boltzius for medicines that had helped before. The medications helped both Mary and the infant.^[38]

9 Nov 1750 Maria and Carl ‘s and son (child was not named) died of a sore throat.^[39][40] The son was about 7 years, 10 months old at death.

1 May 1764 Mary’s husband Charles Flerl of the Parish of Saint Matthew wrote and signed his Will. Mary his wife was appointed sole executrix. Mary’s Will was recorded ^[41]

Will and Death

Mary Flerl wrote her will 18 Jun 1764. In the Will, she named her husband Charles Flerl, her son John (variation of Johannes) and deceased husband Peter. Mary’s will was the page after the Will of Charles. On 14 July 1767 John Gruber qualified as executor. On 14 August 1767 John Wer?sch appeared before the court and swore he saw Mary sign the Will.^{[42] [43] [44] [45]} This would make the death of Mary after 18 Jun 1764 when she signed her will and before 14 Jul 1767 when her son John qualified as executor.

Research Notes

Origins Confirmed

Research has confirmed the parents of Maria. Described below is conflicting information about Maria’s family relationships due to footnotes made by the editors of Henry Newman’s Saltzburger Letterbooks and Detailed Reports on the Salzburger Emigrants Who Settled in America. Facts supporting the parents attached to Maria are noted below.

• According to two footnotes by editors in the text of Detailed Reports on the Salzburger Emigrants Who Settled in America Maria/Mary was the sister of Barbara and the aunt of Barbara’s daughters Catharina and Gertraud. See 8 May 1734 and 15 Jun 1734.^[46] The footnote 21 is one of two footnotes in the book identifying Maria and Barbara as sisters and Maria the aunt of Maria’s two daughters. This is in error due to Maria and Barbara having different parents and the birth location of Maria and her half sisters that traveled to Ebenezer are the same. Other notes are described below.
• According to Walter Kraher, she was the daughter of the attached parents. See Correspondence between Amanda and Walter Kraher. https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Space:Correspondence_from_Walter_Kahler_27_Mar_2021 Translation for Gertrude's letter home which is in the comment section of the upload by An Anonymous.
• According to Henry Newman’s Saltzburger Letterbooks: “Maria Kroer unmarried Step Daughter to the said Rohrmoser born in Stockham upon Heeth aged 28 Years. N.B. now married to Johannes Mashemer [Mosshamer].” and “ Barbara Rohrmoser No. 22 Expects that her 2 Sisters namely Gertrude married to Andrew Eps a Peasant in Unterholwegen and Eva Rohrmoser married to Peter Hirschbichler at Griinwald in Margehn will follow her.” ^[47] Maria was not named as a sister in this text.
• In Detailed Reports on the Salzburger Emigrants Who Settled in America Vol. 1 the birth locations are listed below. ^[48] Maria’s birth location is Stockham upon Heeth. Upon looking at Gertraut and Catharina they have the same location with the addition of “in the County of Saalfeldfen”. According to Wikipedia “ Saalfelden am Steinernen Meer is a town in the district of Zell am See in the Austrian state of Salzburg.^[49]. This corresponds with the birth location of Salzburg, Österreich on the baptismal record for Maria noted above. This supports the parents attached to the Maria on this profile.

Notes from page 367:

• “22. Barbara Rohrmoser wife to Peter Kroers (116) who is still in the Country of Saltzburgh with small Children, born in Oberkelback (117) in the County of Saalfeldfen] 36 Years of age.
• 23. Gertraut Kroer, unmarried daughter to the aforesaid Rohrmoser born in Stockham upon the Heeth (118) in the County of Saalfeldfen] 14 Years of Age.
• 24. Catharina Kroer, unmarried likewise Daughter to the above- mentioned Rohrmoser born in Stockham upon heeth in the County of Saalfeld[en] 17 Years of Age.
• 25. Maria Kroer unmarried Step Daughter to the said Rohrmoser born in Stockham upon Heeth aged 28 Years. N.B. now married to Johannes Mashemer [Mosshamer]. (119)”

Footnotes

• “116 This name is variously spelled Kraer, Kroner, Barbara, with her two older daughters, left her unconverted husband and their smaller children in Salz- burg.
• 117 Probably by Kellbach in Saalfelden. Several centuries after the Germanic in- vaders settled in Salzburg, a population increase caused many new settlements to be founded, and these often took the name of the parent settlement, with the designation Ober, Unter, Nieder, Mitte, etc. added.
• 118 Probably an anglicization of some name like Stockheim auf der Heide.
• 119 This was the marriage performed in Augsburg”

• Maria was born in Saalfelden (Erzbistum) Salzburg ^[50] See Image Maria Kraher "Maria filia lgtma [abbreviation for legitima] Petri Kraer zu Unterstochern [???] et Margar: Grundtnerin ux: eius Lenaste [???] Cathar. Riederin zu . . . [a place name I can't make out] ministro feria dicto." This would translate as "Maria legitimate daughter of Peter Kraer of Unterstochern [??] and his wife Margaret Grundtner, godmother Catharine Rieder of . . . , done on the said date." Names can describe a location and its civil structure at a given time. Our German Translator, An Anonymous suggested I amend Maria's birthplace explaining Erzbistum means archdiocese and means the territory over which the archbishop has church authority; Erzstift means prince-archbishopric and means the territory over which the archbishop is the wordly ruler and lord as well.

Sources

1. ↑ Ancestry, Liber Baptismalis in Salfelden ab Anno 1688 us(illegible) 1727, digital database with images, image page 195 of 538 book page 189 https://www.ancestry.com/discoveryui-content/view/2331976:61390?tid=&pid=&queryId=6e13b738-6c6d-448f-b6c8-f4e34ea9f1d7&_phsrc=HbY3&_phstart=successSource
2. ↑ Matricuka Online, digital database with images, book page 189, 12 Jul Maria https://data.matricula-online.eu/de/oesterreich/salzburg/saalfelden/TFBIV/?pg=195
3. ↑ Henry Newman’s Salzburger Letterbooks page 367 https://ugapress.manifoldapp.org/projects/henry-newman-s-salzburger-letterbooks
4. ↑ Newman, Henry, Henry Newman’s Salzburger Letterbooks, Edited by George Fenwick Jones, PDF pages 364-365, 412-413, https://ugapress.manifoldapp.org/system/actioncallout/8/9/9/899e4bf9-66d0-4b20-8811-3d53ad032ede/attachment/27b4018e1c9617dd9ef06c5627545715.pdf
5. ↑ Newman, Henry, Henry Newman’s Salzburger Letterbooks, Edited by George Fenwick Jones, pages 365-373 https://ugapress.manifoldapp.org/read/henry-newman-s-salzburger-letterbooks/section/1b85215f-9b4d-44dc-b4a9-e2e680769c4f
6. ↑ Wikipedia, “St. Anne’s Church”https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Anne%27s_Church,_Augsburg
7. ↑ Wikipedia St. Anna (Augsburg) https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Anna_(Augsburg)
8. ↑ Henry Newman’s Salzburger Letterbooks page 362, also see footnote https://ugapress.manifoldapp.org/projects/henry-newman-s-salzburger-letterbooks
9. ↑ wikipedia, Rotterdam https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotterdam
10. ↑ Newman, Henry, Henry Newman’s Salzburger Letterbooks, Edited by George Fenwick Jones, pages 412-413, https://ugapress.manifoldapp.org/read/henry-newman-s-salzburger-letterbooks/section/1b85215f-9b4d-44dc-b4a9-e2e680769c4f
11. ↑ A List of the Early Settlers of Georgia, Edited by E. Merton Coulter and Albert B. Saye Digital database with images, image page 35 of 127 https://ugapress.manifoldapp.org/system/actioncallout/942870e2-a50c-411f-9667-389b519cc9ce/attachment/original-91386f8bd1d21dfdccbdcdd88ad0c7c5.pdf
12. ↑ Egmont, A List of Persons who went from Europe to Georgia on their own account, or at the Trustees charge, Or who joined the Colony, or were born in it, distinguishing such as had Grants there or were only Inmates. Digital database with Images, image page 75 of 249, https://dlg.galileo.usg.edu/data/guan/4132/pdfs/guan_4132_harg4132-020.pdf
13. ↑ Wikipedia, Meuse https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meuse
14. ↑ Wikipedia, Dover https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dover
15. ↑ Detailed Reports on the Salzburger Emigrants Who Settled in America, Edited by Samuel Urslperger Volume One, 1733-1734 Part Two- The Travel Diary of the Two Pastors Messrs. Boltzius and Gronau Which the Two Have Kept from Halle to Georgia and for Some Time After Their Arrival in That Land , UGA Press https://ugapress.manifoldapp.org/read/detailed-reports-on-the-salzburger-emigrants-who-settled-in-america-edited-by-samuel-urslperger-volume-one-1733-1734/section/4e88a654-fc63-411e-b391-9ca84682b50b
16. ↑ Detailed Reports on the Salzburger Emigrants Who Settled in America, Edited by Samuel Urslperger Volume One, 1733-1734 Part Two- The Travel Diary of the Two Pastors Messrs. Boltzius and Gronau Which the Two Have Kept from Halle to Georgia and for Some Time After Their Arrival in That Land , UGA Press https://ugapress.manifoldapp.org/read/detailed-reports-on-the-salzburger-emigrants-who-settled-in-america-edited-by-samuel-urslperger-volume-one-1733-1734/section/4e88a654-fc63-411e-b391-9ca84682b50b
17. ↑ Georgia Salzburger Genealogy and History: Transports - Ships - Original Source Information https://www.gasalzburgers.com/history/transports-ships
18. ↑ The Travel Diary of the Two Pastors Messrs. Boltzius and Gronau Which the Two Have Kept from Halle to Georgia and for Some Time After Their Arrival in That Land, Part 1 and Part 2 https://ugapress.manifoldapp.org/read/detailed-reports-on-the-salzburger-emigrants-who-settled-in-america-edited-by-samuel-urslperger-volume-one-1733-1734/section/4e88a654-fc63-411e-b391-9ca84682b50b
19. ↑ Detailed Reports on the Salzburger Emigrants Who Settled in America, Edited by Samuel Urslperger Volume One, 1733-1734 UGA Press digital database with images, image pages 98 & FN 52, 182 & FN 21, 183-184, 201, 205 https://ugapress.manifoldapp.org/system/actioncallout/4/8/a/48ae43eb-5d25-4451-a26e-28503ff76126/attachment/9f9e29129e5a63b5b741447e4d408cfd.pdf PDF.
20. ↑ Detailed Reports on the Salzburger Emigrants Who Settled in America, Edited by Samuel Urslperger Volume One, 1733-1734 UGA Press digital database with images, image pages 98 & FN 52, 182 & FN 21, 183-184, 201, 205 https://ugapress.manifoldapp.org/system/actioncallout/4/8/a/48ae43eb-5d25-4451-a26e-28503ff76126/attachment/9f9e29129e5a63b5b741447e4d408cfd.pdf PDF.
21. ↑ Detailed Reports on the Salzburger Emigrants Who Settled in America, Edited by Samuel Urlsperger Vol. II, 1735 PDF page 17 https://ugapress.manifoldapp.org/projects/detailed-reports-on-the-salzburger-emigrants-who-settled-in-america-c0f10b02-5500-4a8d-96dc-1a15b436ae9e
22. ↑ Detailed Reports on the Salzburger Emigrants Who Settled in America, Edited by Samuel Urlsperger Vol. II, 1735 PDF page 35 https://ugapress.manifoldapp.org/projects/detailed-reports-on-the-salzburger-emigrants-who-settled-in-america-c0f10b02-5500-4a8d-96dc-1a15b436ae9e
23. ↑ Detailed Reports on the Salzburger Emigrants Who Settled in America, Edited by Samuel Urlsperger Vol. II, 1735 PDF pages 135-137 https://ugapress.manifoldapp.org/projects/detailed-reports-on-the-salzburger-emigrants-who-settled-in-america-c0f10b02-5500-4a8d-96dc-1a15b436ae9e
24. ↑ Detailed Reports on the Salzburger Emigrants Who Settled in America, Edited by Samuel Urlsperger Vol. II, 1735 PDF pages 138-139 https://ugapress.manifoldapp.org/projects/detailed-reports-on-the-salzburger-emigrants-who-settled-in-america-c0f10b02-5500-4a8d-96dc-1a15b436ae9e
25. ↑ Urlsperger, Samuel, Detailed Reports on the Salzburger Emigrants Who Settled in America Vol. 3,1736, image page 79 of 373, PDF page 54, https://ugapress.manifoldapp.org/projects/detailed-reports-on-the-salzburger-emigrants-who-settled-in-america-f047004e-0b1d-4a19-a3fe-70f693d4cebd
26. ↑ Urlsperger, Samuel, Detailed Reports on the Salzburger Emigrants Who Settled in America Vol. 5, 1738, PDF image pages 38 of 380, https://ugapress.manifoldapp.org/projects/detailed-reports-on-the-salzburger-emigrants-who-settled-in-america-99a2f82d-acec-4227-8579-15e4cfe7a7f0
27. ↑ Urlsperger, Samuel, Detailed Reports on the Salzburger Emigrants Who Settled in America Vol. 5, 1738, PDF image pages 240 and 246 of 380, https://ugapress.manifoldapp.org/projects/detailed-reports-on-the-salzburger-emigrants-who-settled-in-america-99a2f82d-acec-4227-8579-15e4cfe7a7f0
28. ↑ Urlsperger, Samuel, Detailed Reports on the Salzburger Emigrants Who Settled in America Vol. 5, 1738, PDF image pages 265 and 266 of 380, https://ugapress.manifoldapp.org/projects/detailed-reports-on-the-salzburger-emigrants-who-settled-in-america-99a2f82d-acec-4227-8579-15e4cfe7a7f0
29. ↑ Urlsperger, Samuel, Detailed Reports on the Salzburger Emigrants Who Settled in America Vol. 6, 1739, Appendix II, PDF image pages 323 of 386, https://ugapress.manifoldapp.org/projects/detailed-reports-on-the-salzburger-emigrants-who-settled-in-america-f479f7d4-96c2-42eb-9755-40978f246f1a
30. ↑ Urlsperger, Samuel, Detailed Reports on the Salzburger Emigrants Who Settled in America Vol. 8, 1741, PDF image pages 241 & 244 of 596, https://ugapress.manifoldapp.org/projects/detailed-reports-on-the-salzburger-emigrants-who-settled-in-america-b10b3edc-cf8c-4ba7-b753-e3323a802787
31. ↑ Urlsperger, Samuel, Detailed Reports on the Salzburger Emigrants Who Settled in America Vol. 7, 1740, PDF image pages 32-33 of 326, https://ugapress.manifoldapp.org/projects/detailed-reports-on-the-salzburger-emigrants-who-settled-in-america-c3308768-4486-4cae-91a4-4561196e2392
32. ↑ Georgia Archives Virtual Vault, Will of Mary Flerl https://vault.georgiaarchives.org/digital/collection/cw/search/searchterm/Mary%20Flerl
33. ↑ Georgia Archives Virtual Vault, Mary Flerl https://vault.georgiaarchives.org/digital/collection/cw/id/778/rec/3
34. ↑ Ancestry, Will of Mary Flerl 1764 https://www.ancestry.com/discoveryui-content/view/904745:8635?tid=&pid=&queryId=301f4d86-99f5-4ae2-98a2-4173bad995bb&_phsrc=mlF6&_phstart=successSource
35. ↑ Georgia Archives All Counties, Colonial Will Book A, 1754-1772 Mary Flerl https://vault.georgiaarchives.org/digital/collection/cwb/id/36/rec/3
36. ↑ Urlsperger, Samuel, Detailed Reports on the Salzburger Emigrants Who Settled in America Vol. 7, 1740, PDF image pages 264-265 of 326, https://ugapress.manifoldapp.org/projects/detailed-reports-on-the-salzburger-emigrants-who-settled-in-america-c3308768-4486-4cae-91a4-4561196e2392
37. ↑ Detailed Reports on the Salzburger Emigrants Who Settled in America, Edited by Samuel Urlsperger Vol. IX, 1742 page 29 https://ugapress.manifoldapp.org/system/actioncallout/8/e/4/8e4e6944-6db4-4bda-9d85-053d0863a50c/attachment/edd1221e499be640445788651b861e49.pdf
38. ↑ Marsh, B., Jones, G.F., & Urlsperger, S. (2021). Detailed Reports on the Salzburger Emigrants Who Settled in America, Vol. X, 1743 image page 23 of 202 https://ugapress.manifoldapp.org/system/actioncallout/6/0/0/600a21ec-3eda-4233-86ce-d8c119cf234b/attachment/eac0192230aab34c6065409429113c4c.pdf
39. ↑ Marsh, B., Jones, G.F., & Urlsperger, S. (2021). Detailed Reports on the Salzburger Emigrants Who Settled in America...: Volume XIII: 1749 and Volume XIV: 1750. Athens: University of Georgia Press., https://doi.org/10.1353/book.97975
40. ↑ https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/164/oa_monograph/chapter/3022264
41. ↑ Georgia Archives Virtual Vault Will of Charles Flerl https://vault.georgiaarchives.org/digital/collection/cwb/id/614/rec/1
42. ↑ Ancestry, Will of Mary Flerl 1764 https://www.ancestry.com/discoveryui-content/view/904745:8635?tid=&pid=&queryId=301f4d86-99f5-4ae2-98a2-4173bad995bb&_phsrc=mlF6&_phstart=successSource
43. ↑ Georgia Archives Virtual Vault, Will of Mary Flerl https://vault.georgiaarchives.org/digital/collection/cw/search/searchterm/Mary%20Flerl
44. ↑ Georgia Archives Virtual Vault, Mary Flerl https://vault.georgiaarchives.org/digital/collection/cw/id/778/rec/3
45. ↑ Georgia Archives All Counties, Colonial Will Book A, 1754-1772 Mary Flerl https://vault.georgiaarchives.org/digital/collection/cwb/id/36/rec/3
46. ↑ Detailed Reports on the Salzburger Emigrants Who Settled in America, Edited by Samuel Urslperger Volume One, 1733-1734 UGA Press https://ugapress.manifoldapp.org/system/actioncallout/4/8/a/48ae43eb-5d25-4451-a26e-28503ff76126/attachment/9f9e29129e5a63b5b741447e4d408cfd.pdf PDF pages 98, 182-184, 201, FN 52 and page 205 FN 21.
47. ↑ Newman, Henry, Henry Newman’s Salzburger Letterbooks, Edited by George Fenwick Jones, PDF pages 367, 369, https://ugapress.manifoldapp.org/projects/henry-newman-s-salzburger-letterbooks
48. ↑ Detailed Reports on the Salzburger Emigrants Who Settled in America, Edited by Samuel Urslperger Volume One, 1733-1734 UGA Press https://ugapress.manifoldapp.org/system/actioncallout/4/8/a/48ae43eb-5d25-4451-a26e-28503ff76126/attachment/9f9e29129e5a63b5b741447e4d408cfd.pdf PDF pages 98, 182-184, 201, FN 52 and page 205 FN 21.
49. ↑ Wikipedia, Saalfelden https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saalfelden
50. ↑ " Taufbuch IV (1688-1727), p. 195, https://data.matricula-online.eu/en/oesterreich/salzburg/saalfelden/TFBIV/?pg=195)"

See also:

• Find A Grave memorial #68031370 not being used as there is no grave photo and info is not sourced.
• A List of the Early Settlers of Georgia:A List of the Early Settlers of Georgia Part I, Person #1226 , citing Page 43 (Online Page #58)
• Walter's Correspondence complete with photographs of correspondence https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Space:Correspondence_from_Walter_Kahler_27_Mar_2021
• Taufbuch IV (1688-1727), p. 195, https://data.matricula-online.eu/en/oesterreich/salzburg/saalfelden/TFBIV/?pg=195
• Transports - Ships - Original Source Information https://www.gasalzburgers.com/history/transports-source
• Wikipedia "New Ebenezer." https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salzburger_emigrants
• Groover, Fred Lee the Progeny of Peter Gruber. The abstract reads: Peter (Gruber) Groover was born 1697 and lived with his parents Michael Gruber and Magdalena Amoser in the Gastein Valley of Austria. Peter immigrated to America ca. 1734 and settled in Georgia. He married Maria Kroer Mosshammer (widow of Johannes Mosshammer) sometime prior to 1738. They lived in Georgia and were the parents of two children. Descendants lived primarily in Georgia, Florida, and elsewhere.

See also as a general reference:

• University of Georgia Press Georgia Open History Library 44 projects of digital image books https://ugapress.manifoldapp.org/projects/project-collection/georgia-open-history-library?collectionOrder=georgia-open-history-library

Acknowledgements

• From Walter We owe a lot of knowledge about our ancestral line (Kraher) in Austria to Mr. Alois Aglassinger from Saalfelden, who went to great lengths to research the old church archives and who entered his knowledge on GENI.COM. With various additions about the life of some ancestors. Mr. Aglassinger died in 2005.
• A second debt owed to a Wikitree An Anonymous who answered my G2G cry for help is understanding German/Latin to assist in posting the changes to the two profiles between Maria Kraher and her husband Peter Gruber! Thank you Zoro!