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This is a page for Erik Granstrom's research notes and lists of research projects to continue.
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More Research Needed
General American Related Research
Oregon History - More Research Needed
Red River Valley to Oregon Connections
https://www.geni.com/people/Verena-Rupp/6000000010144546231?through=6000000007241173841 https://www.geni.com/people/Governor-Caspar-Joder-IV/6000000003668481742?through=6000000007241173841
https://www.geni.com/people/Malana-Ganz/6000000007241173841
.....
https://www.geni.com/people/Eugene-Fortier-II/6000000041129866555
https://www.geni.com/people/Marie-Fortier/6000000041130082231?through=6000000041129866555
WikiTree contributors, "Eugene Fortier II (bef.1810-)," WikiTree: The Free Family Tree, (https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Fortier-1370 : accessed 01 July 2023).
https://www.historic-structures.com/la/new_iberia/darby_plantation.php
https://www.geni.com/people/Jean-Baptiste-De-St-Marc-Darby/6000000003627649366
https://www.geni.com/people/Placide-Krebs/6000000000504875755?through=6000000003627649366
https://www.geni.com/people/Daniel-Krebs/6000000035889092535?through=6000000003627649366
https://www.geni.com/people/Samuel-Mitchell/6000000002764902264?through=6000000035889092535
WikiTree contributors, "Jean Baptiste Darby (1749-1795)," WikiTree: The Free Family Tree, (https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Darby-1781 : accessed 01 July 2023).
https://library.louisiana.edu/collections/collection-451
... http://www.oregonpioneers.com/timeline.htm
https://www.geni.com/people/Pierre-Belleque/6000000016616223008
WikiTree contributors, "Pierre Belleque (abt.1797-1849)," WikiTree: The Free Family Tree, (https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Belleque-2 : accessed 01 July 2023).
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Gervais
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre_Belleque
WikiTree contributors, "Genevieve (St. Martin) Belique (1814-1904)," WikiTree: The Free Family Tree, (https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/St._Martin-191 : accessed 01 July 2023).
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_Believers
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gervais,_Oregon
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_McKenzie_(explorer)
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilson_Price_Hunt
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michilimackinac
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Gervais
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fort_Astoria
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_Prairie
The original European settlement on the French Prairie was populated by French Canadians, Acadians, and Metis people from Quebec and the Red River Valley. While the Americans were busy with the War of 1812, the North West Company brought them there in 1813 as fur trappers under the auspices of the Willamette Trading Post. By 1821 the Hudson Bay Company (HBC) absorbed the North West Company and took over the Willamette Trading Post.
https://www.recordclick.com/the-french-prairie-a-hidden-piece-of-oregon-history/
https://sites.rootsweb.com/~mnrrvn/Metis-1795-1797.html
They carried their possessions in vehicles which were an adaptation of French-Canadian wagons called Red River carts. These were made entirely of wood and leather with no iron fastenings so that they were easy to repair, but because they didn't use axle grease, which would have clogged up with prairie dust, the rubbing of wood on wood made a horrible racket which could be heard from great distances. https://www.canadahistoryproject.ca/1870/1870-03-metis.html
In 1841 23 families left the Red River Settlement to live in the Oregon territory. They were given money an promises of many things when they arrived. Two of the men didn't accept the money but did join the others. Those men were Horace Calder and John Flett. John's wife, Charlotte Bird (daughter of James) was a Metis as were many of the wives of these early settlers.
Many of the men were Metis, descendants of those first settlers who were brought from the British Isles. Many from the Orkneys. Hudson Bay company preferred the men from the Orkneys. They said they were industrious, frugal,quiet, honest people who were satisfied with very little.
This wasn't the typical "wagon train" journey. Covered wagons weren't used by the Red River people. They used a cart called the "Red River Cart". It was made of wood and bound together with leather. It made a horrible squeal that could be heard for miles. For many years they had been used between the Red River St. Paul, Minn for delivering furs, etc. The carts had two huge wheels and could go through mud and slush better than the typical cart. Being made of wood they were buoyant for crossing the many streams along the way.
https://www.paulinat.com/red-river-migration
http://www.mhs.mb.ca/docs/mb_history/72/redrivervalley.shtml
https://www.mmf.mb.ca/the-red-river-metis-la-nouvelle-nation
https://www.mnopedia.org/group/m-tis-minnesota
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_River_Valley
Oregon Pioneers
https://www.theclio.com/entry/58149 https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_J._Farnham
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peoria_Party
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Browns_Park
https://www.geni.com/people/Amos-Starr-Cooke/6000000013620656008
WikiTree contributors, "Amos Starr Cooke (1810-1871)," WikiTree: The Free Family Tree, (https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Cooke-4957 : accessed 01 July 2023).
https://www.oregon.com/attractions/oregon-trail-timeline-1831-1840
WikiTree contributors, "Robert Shortess (1797-1878)," WikiTree: The Free Family Tree, (https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Shortess-92 : accessed 01 July 2023).
https://www.oregonencyclopedia.org/articles/shortess-robert/
https://ndnhistoryresearch.com/2017/08/29/robert-shortess-on-the-columbia/?amp
https://www.geni.com/people/Robert-Applegate/6000000002439125860
https://www.geni.com/people/Jesse-Applegate/6000000002734905477?through=6000000002439125860
https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Category:Oregon_Trail_Pioneers
https://www.geni.com/people/Daniel-Waldo/6000000000183033342
https://www.geni.com/projects/Oregon-Trail/41634
WikiTree contributors, "Chisholm Griffith (1806-1891)," WikiTree: The Free Family Tree, (https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Griffith-3158 : accessed 01 July 2023).
https://www.nebraskapress.unl.edu/bison-books/9780803279155/
https://orjewishlife.com/powwow-freeway/
https://howardadelman.com/2019/08/07/the-jews-of-baker-city/
https://www.oregonhistoryproject.org/articles/historical-records/new-odessa-colony/#.ZF4g0XZlAzQ
https://www.jmaw.org/oregon-jewish-pioneers/
https://www.oregonencyclopedia.org/articles/jews-in-oregon/
https://forward.com/schmooze/331459/who-were-the-first-jewish-settlers-in-the-oregon-frontier/?amp=1
https://www.neh.gov/humanities/2010/januaryfebruary/statement/jewish-pioneers
Overland in 1846
Overland in 1846 WikiTree contributors, "Daniel D. Deskins (abt.1824-1875)," WikiTree: The Free Family Tree, (https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Deskins-120 : accessed 18 April 2023).
WikiTree contributors, "Sarah Ann (Shuck) Deskins (1839-1913)," WikiTree: The Free Family Tree, (https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Shuck-202 : accessed 18 April 2023).
https://www.gov.mb.ca/chc/archives/hbca/name_indexes/nwc_accounts.html
https://www.gov.mb.ca/chc/archives/hbca/name_indexes/nwc_servants_contracts.html
https://www.usgenwebsites.org/WIOconto/1849.htm
JEAN BAPTISTE GARIEPY Guardipee
Male 7 July 1832–25 January 1877 •LHDT-5Z6
https://ancestors.familysearch.org/en/LHDT-5Z6/jean-baptiste-gariepy-guardipee-1832-1877
WikiTree contributors, "Louis Gariepy (abt.1828-1884)," WikiTree: The Free Family Tree, (https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Gariepy-116 : accessed 18 April 2023).
WikiTree contributors, "Jean Baptiste Gariepy (1853-)," WikiTree: The Free Family Tree, (https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Gariepy-102 : accessed 18 April 2023).
Manitoba History: Pierre St. Germain: A Métis Hero of the First Franklin Expedition http://www.mhs.mb.ca/docs/mb_history/34/franklinhero.shtml
http://www.oregonpioneers.com/1841.htm
RED RIVER SETTLERS
Gary Fuller Reese, "Red River Settlers," Documentary History of Fort Steilacoom.
The Puget's Sound Agricultural Company was founded in 1838 by the Hudson's Bay Company officials and others who were convinced that the original charter of the parent company did not include provision for agricultural activities. Demands for grain, hides, meat and tallow for Alaska, Hawaii, California and for other Hudson's Bay Company posts made possibilities for profit for an agricultural company seem attractive.
Founders of the Puget Sound Company thought that it was also possible that an agricultural company could strengthen British claims to the area north of the Columbia River. If permanent settlers loyal to the British Crown were attracted, much of the land would be taken so that Americans would not be able to find prime sites for settlements.
https://themossback.tripod.com/pioneers/rriverset.htm
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Jacob_Astor
The York Factory Express, usually called "the Express" and also the Columbia Express and the Communication, was a 19th-century fur brigade operated by the Hudson's Bay Company (HBC). Roughly 4,200 kilometres (2,600 mi) in length, it was the main overland connection between HBC headquarters at York Factory and the principal depot of the Columbia Department, Fort Vancouver. https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/York_Factory_Express
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/York_Factory
https://thebcreview.ca/2021/11/08/1278-volovsek-anderson-yf-express/
https://nancymargueriteanderson.com/the-york-factory-express/
https://www.familysearch.org/en/wiki/York_Factory_Express
https://www.canadashistory.ca/explore/books/the-york-factory-express
Rupert's Land https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rupert%27s_Land
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assiniboia
The Red River Colony (or Selkirk Settlement), also known as Assiniboia, was a colonization project set up in 1811 by Thomas Douglas, 5th Earl of Selkirk, on 300,000 square kilometres (120,000 sq mi) of land in British North America. https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_River_Colony
John Sinclair
HBC decided to encourage colonists of their own in 1840. James Sinclair, son of an HBC factor and a Cree mother, educated at the University of Edinburgh, became the leader of an HBC emigrant party. He led a group of 23 families – 121 people in total – from the Red River Valley to the PSAC stations the following year. The emigrant families were mostly Métis – part European and part Native. The families hardened to life in today’s Manitoba were well-suited to live off the land. They were lured by promises of land and some livestock to get their farms going. The newcomers would help the industries of the PSAC and boost numbers of British-inclined settlers. The party was actually met along their way in southern Saskatchewan by Simpson. He was off on another world tour of company assets. Sinclair’s group arrived at Fort Vancouver after a 130-day journey taking them across the plains of Canada and the Rocky Mountains. The new settlers quickly found out they had been misled by the Red River Chief Factor Duncan Finlayson. Lands were to be leased and not sold to the newcomers. Fourteen of the families went to Nisqually and the other seven to Cowlitz Farm. Upset by the failure of the company to uphold promises made, only a couple families stayed to settle either at Nisqually or Cowlitz. The majority traveled south to the Willamette Valley where they laid claim to their own lands. Eventually, the Red River colonists contributed to the American cause politically.
THE CASE OF CHARLES MCKAY
Charles McKay.
Among the first Red River party was Charles McKay and his family including his wife Letitia Bird, daughter of the former governor of Rupert’s Land and Chief Factor of the Red River Colony. McKay was the son of Scotsman John McKay and Métisse Mary Favel. His uncle, Donald McKay, founded the Bradon House where Charles was born. One brother-in-law was James Sinclair while another was James Bird, Jr. They were among those recruited by Chief Factor Duncan Finlayson, “steady, respectable half breed and other settlers” sought out by George Simpson.
McKay was one of those colonists who took off following the disappointment of HBC reneging on their promises. He took out a claim of land in the Tualatin Plains not far from that of Joseph Meek. During the political meetings at Champoeg in 1843, McKay sided with Americans forming the Provisional Government. He became a naturalized citizen of the U.S. in 1849.
WikiTree contributors, "Charles Richard McKay (1808-1873)," WikiTree: The Free Family Tree, (https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/McKay-4492 : accessed 18 April 2023).
Red River Metis The First Large Settler Group in Oregon Territory: The Sinclair Expedition to the Oregon Territory (1841)
Lawrence Barkwell
On November 15, 1839, Governor Simpson wrote to Chief Factor Duncan Finlayson at Red River to begin recruiting “steady, respectable half breed and other settlers” to go to the Columbia in the Oregon Territory. The inducement to move was an offer of land, the use of common pastureland, an advance of livestock and the expenses of erecting farm buildings. These Metis settlers were to staff the HBC farms and dairies. In 1821 the HBC had set up a subsidiary company, the Puget Sound Agricultural Company. Finlayson contracted with James Sinclair and 23 Metis families; 23 men, 22 women and 75 children; 121 people in all, to leave Red River and settle in the Oregon Territory with the hopes that this would maintain the land north of the Columbia River in what is now Washington State in British and Hudson’s Bay Company control.
WikiTree contributors, "Pierre Falcon (1793-1876)," WikiTree: The Free Family Tree, (https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Falcon-66 : accessed 18 April 2023).
WikiTree contributors, "Cuthbert James Grant Jr. (1793-1854)," WikiTree: The Free Family Tree, (https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Grant-184 : accessed 18 April 2023).
WikiTree contributors, "Charles Richard McKay (1808-1873)," WikiTree: The Free Family Tree, (https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/McKay-4492 : accessed 18 April 2023).
WikiTree contributors, "John Flett Sr. (abt.1784-1865)," WikiTree: The Free Family Tree, (https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Flett-87 : accessed 18 April 2023).
http://www.mhs.mb.ca/docs/people/flett_j.shtml
https://fortnisqually.pastperfectonline.com/byperson?keyword=Flett%2C+John
https://themossback.tripod.com/pioneers/rriverset.htm
WikiTree contributors, "Pierre St Germain (abt.1790-1870)," WikiTree: The Free Family Tree, (https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/St_Germain-120 : accessed 18 April 2023).
St. Germain’s years of service were divided into 9 years with the North West Company, 29 months with the first Franklin expedition, and a final 12 years with the Hudson’s Bay Company, after which he retired to the Red River Settlement on 12 September 1834. We have uncovered compelling evidence of his later 1841 emigration with the James Sinclair party to a homestead in the Cowlitz River valley in Washington state, and of his Washington descendants. His date of death is not known, but he may have been about 80 when he died. http://www.mhs.mb.ca/docs/mb_history/34/franklinhero.shtml
It now seems almost indisputable that “our” Pierre became emigrant #16, among the “23 families, amounting to 121 souls,” who emigrated overland in 1841. [40] In the List of Emigrants for the Columbia, he is listed as having a wife and five children. http://www.mhs.mb.ca/docs/mb_history/34/franklinhero.shtml
http://www.newworldexploration.com/explorers-tales-blog/sir-john-franklin-a-failed-hero
1860s Sauvie Island
1860s Sauvie Island “A people which takes no pride in the noble achievements of remote ancestors will never achieve anything worthy to be remembered with pride by future descendants”
Lord Macaulay
(a British Historian and Politician 1800-1859)
The Red River Migration
During 1811 George Selkirk brought about 800 Highlanders from Scotland. Farming was not good in the Highlands and many families were starving. Farmers were needed in Canada (Rupert's Land). He was killing two birds with one stone. He was saving the people from starving and getting the cheap labor he needed in Canada.
Things did not go exactly as he planned. The settlers intermarried with the Indians and there were uprisings. Hudson's Bay was losing control of the Pacific Northwest and they needed people there. He tried to coerce families into moving to that area.
In 1841 23 families left the Red River Settlement to live in the Oregon territory. They were given money an promises of many things when they arrived. Two of the men didn't accept the money but did join the others. Those men were Horace Calder and John Flett. John's wife, Charlotte Bird (daughter of James) was a Metis as were many of the wives of these early settlers.
Many of the men were Metis, descendants of those first settlers who were brought from the British Isles. Many from the Orkneys. Hudson Bay company preferred the men from the Orkneys. They said they were industrious, frugal,quiet, honest people who were satisfied with very little.
This wasn't the typical "wagon train" journey. Covered wagons weren't used by the Red River people. They used a cart called the "Red River Cart". It was made of wood and bound together with leather. It made a horrible squeal that could be heard for miles. For many years they had been used between the Red River St. Paul, Minn for delivering furs, etc. The carts had two huge wheels and could go through mud and slush better than the typical cart. Being made of wood they were buoyant for crossing the many streams along the way.
The carts served them well until they got to the mountains. There they were no longer usable. All their goods had to be loaded onto the oxen. The oxen had never been pack animals and didn't like this at all. In his story about the journey, John Flett said the cattle were bawling, the children were bawling and the women were screaming and bawling. No one was happy about this turn of events.
The rest of the journey was spent on foot by most of the people. Up until this time they hadn't been bothered by Indians. They had expected trouble and heard many "horror" stories but maybe the squeeling of the carts kept them away.
They arrived without any serious problems from the Indians. But when they arrived they were told that the promises made by Hudson's Bay would not be kept. Some of the people stayed for awhile and some came to Oregon. There are many records at Fort Nisqually of the settlers and their purchases. Those who went to Oregon stayed there for awhile and then moved back to Washington. Three of the men went California for the Gold Rush and died while there (John Cline, Archie Spence, John Spence).
The widow of John Spence married James Taylor and became one of the early settlers on Sauvie Island.
One of these early settlers was Henry Buxton. They were early settlers in the Forest Grove area in Oregon. Buxton cemetery was deeded to the area by Henry Buxton, a descendant of the first Henry.
John Flett went back to the Tacoma, Washington area and became very successful with a dairy farm. The area where he had his dairy farm is still called "Flett" and there is a dairy called "Flett". It is a well known name in the area.
John was married to Charlotte Bird. She was Metis. Her sister Letitia was married to Charles McKay, another important Red River Pioneer. They were important early settlers in Columbia County, Oregon.
Charlotte and Letitia were daughters of James Bird an impportant Canadian. We will share his story in another post.
(more about the Metis in another Post)
https://www.paulinat.com/red-river-migration
JAMES MENZIES 1820 – 1883 https://www.paulinat.com/blank-6
During the first half of the 19th century, a unique subculture built around hunting and mobility existed quietly in the Pacific Northwest. Descendants of European or Canadian fathers and Native American mothers, these mixed-blood settlersacalled MA(c)tisawere pivotal to the development of the Oregon Country, but have been generally neglected in its written history. Today we know them by the names they left on the land and the waters: The Dalles, Deschutes, Grand Ronde, Portneuf, Payette; and on the peoples who lived there: Pend Oreille, Coeur daAlene, Nez Perce. John C. Jacksonas Children of the Fur Trade recovers a vital part of Northwest history and gives readers a vivid and memorable portrait of MA(c)tis life at the western edge of North America. This informal account shows the MA(c)tis as explorers and mapmakers, as fur trappers and traders, and as boatmen and travelers in a vanishing landscape. Because of their mixed race, they were forced into the margin between cultures in collision. Often disparaged as half-breeds, they became links between the dispossessed native peoples and the new order of pioneer settlement. Meet the independently minded Jacco Finlay, the beautiful Helene McDonald, fearsome Tom McKay and the bear-fighting Iroquois Ignace Hatchiorauquasha, whose MA(c)tisse wife, Madame Gray, charmed lonely fur traders. Here is the rawhide knot of the mountain men who brought their Indian wives to suffer the censure of missionaries while building a community where their mixed-blood children were no longer welcome. A riveting glimpse into a unique heritage, illustrated with historic maps, drawings, and photographs, this book will interest and inform both the scholar and the general reader.
Red River Migration
In 1841 23 families left the Red River Settlement in Canada. Encouraged by the Hudson's Bay Company, they came to the Pacific Northwest. At that time the Hudson Bay Company felt they were losing control of the area.
These pioneers didn't come in the usual wagon trains. They came in a special type of cart which made horrible noises. That noise frightened the Indians and kept them a little safer. Someone said it was a Scottish or French design.
This is a partial list of the people on Sinclairs journey to Oregon in 1841. When we add more material we will underline the name.
Many of these families settled in Washington County, OR, South Prairie, Washington and Tacoma, Washington.
https://www.paulinat.com/red-river
http://www.oregonpioneers.com/1847_A_L.htm
Abigail Bonser Female 1843–1864 •KC91-CQZ https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/family/KC91-CQZ
William Casto https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/KZ2Y-F92
https://ancestors.familysearch.org/en/LZJC-SZX/stephen-decatur-bonser-1830-1917
https://ancestors.familysearch.org/en/2WKB-H6Z/john-bonser-1803-1893
https://www.paulinat.com/wm-casto
Red River / Oregon
On the banks of the Red River of the North for well nigh sixty years there existed the Selkirk Settlement. Fort Garry, so well known, was its centre for nearly fifty years of that period. The fur trader on the Mackenzie River looked to it as his probable haven of rest when he should have finished his days of active service and have retired; the half-breed hunter of the plains thought of it as the paradise to which he might make his annual visit, or the place where he might at last settle, while the Kildonan settler boasted that there was no place like his ‘oasis’ in the Northwest wilderness, and that the traveller who had tasted the magical waters of Red River would always return to them again. https://www.mhs.mb.ca/docs/transactions/1/settlers.shtml
The leader of the party was James Sinclair, a Metis member of Hudson’s Bay Company. Governor Simpson, of the HBC, had developed the expedition to the Fort Vancouver area because he wanted to have a strong Canadian representation in the Pacific Northwest.[2] In return, Simpson promised the Metis land for farming.
The Metis culture was an active and vibrant one. Their clothing blended both European fashion and indigenous fashion. The women wore traditional European dresses, though their dresses and shawls often bore beadwork. Men often wore cloth shirts, deerskin pants, a red cap, and most distinctively, a sash called a ceinture fleche (or arrow sash) around their waists. Each of the colors used on the ceinture fleche meant something. For example, the black ceinture fleche was the symbol of the Metis struggle for their rights. Another prominent part of Metis culture is fiddle music. In Canada, “Red River Jig” is a famous Metis musical piece as well as a dance. The dance combined the complicated footwork of Native American and First Nations dances, with the more European style of fiddling. [3]
One of the most amazing parts of Metis culture is that they developed their own language, called Michif. The Michif language is a mixture of French and native languages, usually Cree. In the Pacific Northwest, the Metis also learned Chinook Jargon. It uses words from the Chinook and Nuu-chah-nulth languages, as well as French and English. Both languages were developed through trading between different indigenous tribes and with Europeans. It was primarily used by tribes and fur traders but settlers, missionaries and families quickly picked it up.
The group of 115 Metis arrived at Fort Vancouver, tired and exhausted, in just 130 days, a fast clip.[4] They clearly knew how to navigate the wilderness. They lost no one along the way.
https://www.confluenceproject.org/library-post/metis-pioneers-lured-by-fraud-succeeded-anyways/
Another group with settlement goals in mind is found in the Red River Settlement in Canada. Due to unrest in the area a group was being formed to travel to the Hudson's Bay Company settlement at Puget Sound with the intent of farming and furthering their interests in the area. Family Histories of the French Canadians can be found at Ancestors of the French Canadians to Oregon prior to 1842 by Raymonde Gauthier http://www.oregonpioneers.com/1841.htm
http://talentfriends.org/marshall/marshall_285-450.html
More Notes
https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Category:Orkney%2C_HBC WikiTree contributors, "John (Inkister) Inkster (1799-1874)," WikiTree: The Free Family Tree, (https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Inkister-1 : accessed 18 April 2023).
WikiTree contributors, "Joseph Hiracque (abt.1735-)," WikiTree: The Free Family Tree, (https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Hiracque-1 : accessed 18 April 2023).
WikiTree contributors, "Pierre-Chrysologue Pambrun (1824-1902)," WikiTree: The Free Family Tree, (https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Pambrun-10 : accessed 18 April 2023).
After fighting in the War of 1812, Pierre Chrysologue Pambrun was stationed as the administrator for the trading company Hudson's Bay at Fort Nez Perce, thus establishing the Pambruns as one of the first families of Walla Walla. With the support of his wife, Catherine "Kitty" Hortense Umfreville Pambrun, his family laid their roots and had vast influence on settling and developing the Pacific Northwest. https://www.pambrunwines.com/About-Us/Family-History
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre-Chrysologue_Pambrun
http://www.mhs.mb.ca/docs/people/pambrun_pc.shtml
WikiTree contributors, "Pierre Chrysolgue Pambrun (1792-1841)," WikiTree: The Free Family Tree, (https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Pambrun-4 : accessed 18 April 2023).
WikiTree contributors, "George Thomas Inkster (1849-1901)," WikiTree: The Free Family Tree, (https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Inkster-174 : accessed 18 April 2023).
His grandmother
https://www.geni.com/people/Margaret-Sinclair/6000000003188698082
http://www.sevenoakshouse.ca/children.html
Memorable Manitobans: Robert Tait (1830-1912)
Pioneer.
Born in the Red River settlement on 24 April 1830, the third son of William Tait and Mary Auld, he received very little schooling and at the age of eleven was hired as a chore boy at the Hudson’s Bay Company model farm at the junction of the Red and Assiniboine Rivers. On 16 December 1858, he married Jane Inkster (?-?), daughter of John Inkster. They had five children. https://www.mhs.mb.ca/docs/people/tait_r.shtml
https://www.geni.com/people/Jane-Tait/6000000020776178200
WikiTree contributors, "Jane (Inkster) Tait (1838-1912)," WikiTree: The Free Family Tree, (https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Inkster-170 : accessed 18 April 2023).
WikiTree contributors, "Robert Tait (1830-1912)," WikiTree: The Free Family Tree, (https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Tait-3414 : accessed 18 April 2023).
http://www.sevenoakshouse.ca/nahovway--colin.html
WikiTree contributors, "William Sinclair (abt.1766-1818)," WikiTree: The Free Family Tree, (https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Sinclair-322 : accessed 18 April 2023).
WikiTree contributors, "Colin Robertson Sinclair (abt.1816-abt.1901)," WikiTree: The Free Family Tree, (https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Sinclair-324 : accessed 18 April 2023).
WikiTree contributors, "Margaret (Nahovway) Sinclair (abt.1766-1857)," WikiTree: The Free Family Tree, (https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Nahovway-1 : accessed 18 April 2023).
WikiTree contributors, "James Sinclair (abt.1811-abt.1856)," WikiTree: The Free Family Tree, (https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Sinclair-327 : accessed 18 April 2023).
SINCLAIR would be put in charge of one of the Oregon posts. Simpson had set May 1, 1854 as the date of departure, but they were only ready to leave at the end of May. There were one hundred people in the party; most were from families well known to Sinclair – Gibsons, Birds, Sutherlands, and Whitfords.The group set out from Ft Garry and arrived at Walla Walla, Washington in November where SINCLAIR took over as Chief Trader
On March 26, 1856 James SINCLAIR was shot and killed at the Cascades (north of Portland on the Columbia River) during an attack by Yakimas Indians Chief Factor MacTavish brought his body back for a full Masonic funeral.
Memorable Manitobans: Moses Norton (c1735-1773) http://www.mhs.mb.ca/docs/people/norton_m.shtml
Moses Norton Male 1735–1773 •LLW5-TH2 https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LLW5-TH2
https://www.geni.com/people/Moses-Norton/4164521214120071092
Norton's only known descendant was a daughter named Mary (Polly), born in the early 1760s of a Cree woman. A doting father, Norton indulged this child to such an extent that she became totally unsuited to the hardships of Indian life; although provided with a generous annuity by her father, Mary perished during the difficult winter of 1782 following Hearne's surrender of Churchill to the French under Lapérouse [ Galaup]. http://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/norton_moses_4E.html
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moses_Norton
https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/species/north-atlantic-right-whale
WikiTree contributors, "Moses Norton (1744-1773)," WikiTree: The Free Family Tree, (https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Norton-589 : accessed 18 April 2023).
James is possibly the best known of all the Sinclair siblings and D. Geneva Lent has written a full-length book about him.[2] He was the son of William Sinclair, from Eastaquoy in Harray Parish, Orkney and his half-Cree wife Nahovway or Margaret Norton. https://sinclairclanhistory.com/2020/09/03/famous-sinclairs-james-sinclair-1809-1856/
James Sinclair (1811–1856) was a trader and explorer with the Hudson's Bay Company. He was the son of Hudson's Bay Company factor William Sinclair, from Eastaquoy in Harray, and his Cree wife, Nahovway. He was a brother of William Sinclair. James was born in Rupert's Land and educated in Scotland at Edinburgh University. He twice led large parties of settlers half-way across Canada, from the Red River Valley to the Columbia River valley. https://www.geni.com/people/James-Sinclair/4391389814780063120
http://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/sinclair_james_8E.html
WikiTree contributors, "James Sinclair (abt.1811-abt.1856)," WikiTree: The Free Family Tree, (https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Sinclair-327 : accessed 18 April 2023).
WikiTree contributors, "John Philip Bird (1808-1840)," WikiTree: The Free Family Tree, (https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Bird-6232 : accessed 18 April 2023).
More Notes
Where is Orkney? "Beyond Britannia, where the endless ocean opens, lies Orkney." Orosius, fifth century AD
The Orkney Islands lie off the northern tip of Scotland, where the North Sea and the Atlantic Ocean meet.
Orkney is made up of 70, or so, islands — of which, only 16 are inhabited.
http://www.orkneyjar.com/orkney/index.html
http://www.orkneyjar.com/orkney/orcadian.htm
Though their genepool has been modified to some extent by immigrant genes, it is suggested that the Orcadians represent the remains of a relict population, in the same way as, but different from, those of the Gaelic fringe. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3740822/
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celtic_nations
The Pyrenees Mountains rise between France and Spain. At their western end live the Basques, one of the oldest populations in Europe. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8001912/
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orcadians
https://www.orkneyology.com/orcadians.html Folks from the Orkney Islands in Scotland impacted the exploration and settlement of Canada by Europeans heavily, particularly through their close connections to the Hudson’s Bay Company.
Hudson’s Bay’s Country, map by Peter Pond 1765 " data-medium-file="https://historyimagined.files.wordpress.com/2018/04/hudsons_bays_country_peter_pond_1785.jpg?w=300" data-large-file="https://historyimagined.files.wordpress.com/2018/04/hudsons_bays_country_peter_pond_1785.jpg?w=620" class="size-medium wp-image-14988" src="https://historyimagined.files.wordpress.com/2018/04/hudsons_bays_country_peter_pond_1785.jpg?w=300&h=229" alt="" width="300" height="229" srcset="https://historyimagined.files.wordpress.com/2018/04/hudsons_bays_country_peter_pond_1785.jpg?w=300&h=229 300w, https://historyimagined.files.wordpress.com/2018/04/hudsons_bays_country_peter_pond_1785.jpg?w=600&h=458 600w, https://historyimagined.files.wordpress.com/2018/04/hudsons_bays_country_peter_pond_1785.jpg?w=150&h=114 150w" sizes="(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px" style="height: auto; max-width: 100%; border: none; display: block; margin: 0px auto 4px;">
Hudson’s Bay’s Country, map by Peter Pond 1765
It isn’t difficult to understand why generations of Orkneymen lived and worked in Hudson Bay when you look at the globe. Orkney and the bay both lie near 60°north latitude. The journey from Stromness or Kirkwall to the straights of Hudson Bay would follow roughly the route their Norse ancestors took to the tip of Greenland and the North American coast. The distance is a third shorter than the distance from London to Jamestown, Virginia. Ships from England to Hudson’s Bay regularly put in at Stromness, Orkney.
In 1670 Charles II gave a charter to a group of gentlemen including his cousin, Prince Rupert of the Rhine, to form a company in order to seek the northwest passage and exploit the lands adjacent to Hudson Bay. The boundaries were never clear but the charter granted them title to all the land drained by rivers into Hudson Bay, most of it unexplored at the time of the charter. At its height, the Hudson’s Bay Company controlled 3 million square miles of what is now Canada.
https://historyimagined.wordpress.com/2018/04/27/orkney-hudson-bay/
Joined the North West Company in 1798 as a clerk [1]1811-1812 Traveled with David Thompson in the West1812-1816 Stationed at Fort Astoria/Fort George, Columbia District1816-1818 stationed in Athabaska District.
WikiTree contributors, "John George (MacTavish) McTavish (abt.1778-1847)," WikiTree: The Free Family Tree, (https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/MacTavish-25 : accessed 18 April 2023).
Memorable Manitobans: John George McTavish (c1778-1847)
Fur trader.
Born at Argyllshire, Scotland around 1778, he joined the North West Company in 1798, was stationed first at James Bay and later on the West Coast. He bought the Pacific Fur Company’s assets for the NWC in 1813. He was captured at Grand Rapids (now in Manitoba) in 1817 and sent to England for trial on charges connected to the fur trade war, but soon returned and became a Chief Factor at the merger of the Hudson's Bay Company and the NWC. George Simpson had nothing but praise for his management skills, and after 1824 he presided at council in Simpson’s absence. In 1830 he married in Scotland without making provision for his mixed-blood wife, an action that caused much criticism in the country, although Simpson (who had acted similarly) supported him fully. Nonetheless, he was becoming corpulent and intemperate, and was transferred to an undemanding post near Montreal in 1836, where he remained until his death on 20 July 1847.
http://www.mhs.mb.ca/docs/people/mctavish_jg.shtml
WikiTree contributors, "Nancy (McKenzie) LeBlanc (abt.1790-1851)," WikiTree: The Free Family Tree, (https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/McKenzie-5397 : accessed 18 April 2023).
http://www.mhs.mb.ca/docs/people/mckenzie_n.shtml
WikiTree contributors, "Charles Edward Dodd (bef.1808-1860)," WikiTree: The Free Family Tree, (https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Dodd-4354 : accessed 18 April 2023).
https://www.geni.com/people/Charles-Dodd/6000000005403098768
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Mactavish
The second son of the impoverished last chief of Clan Tavish, John George Mactavish was recruited into the service of the North West Company in 1798 by his illustrious distant relative Simon McTavish*, whose spelling of the family name he adopted. A well-educated young man, he apparently spent his first years clerking at the company’s headquarters in Montreal, although he did attend the summer rendezvous at Grand Portage (near Grand Portage, Minn.) in 1802. http://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/mctavish_john_george_7E.html
WikiTree contributors, "William Sinclair (abt.1766-1818)," WikiTree: The Free Family Tree, (https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Sinclair-322 : accessed 18 April 2023).
His wife
WikiTree contributors, "Margaret (Nahovway) Sinclair (abt.1766-1857)," WikiTree: The Free Family Tree, (https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Nahovway-1 : accessed 18 April 2023).
There is a photo attached to the above profile,
https://donnasutherlandbooks.wordpress.com/nahoway-2/
Note: This photo is commonly presented as Nahovway. It was found in the Seven Oaks House Museum collection and identified based on intuition by descendant and author, Donna Sutherland.
Unfortunately a historical analysis of the photo's context indicates that it likely dates from the late 19th or early 20th century -- meaning it could not be of Nahovway.
Facial recognition software suggested that this may be a photo of Marak Inkster (Nahovway's granddaughter) near the end of her life (c.1900-1912)
Gail Konantz (member of a descendant family), has stated that the photo is of Jane Inkster Tait (sister to Marak). "She notes that a number of people have mistakenly assumed this was a picture of Janes’ grandmother, Margaret Nahoway Sinclair." http://www.sevenoakshouse.ca/nahovway--colin.html
Plymouth Colony Research
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plymouth_Colony
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plymouth_Colony#/media/File%3APlymouth_Colony_map.svg
42 common ancestors were found between Richard and Erik.
WikiTree contributors, "Richard More Sr. (bef.1614-bef.1696)," WikiTree: The Free Family Tree, (https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/More-108 : accessed 25 February 2023).
177 common ancestors were found between Alton and Erik Alton Rogers. https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Rogers-6236
WikiTree contributors, "Katherine More (bef.1586-aft.1622)," WikiTree: The Free Family Tree, (https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/More-125 : accessed 25 February 2023).
WikiTree contributors, "Richard More Sr. (bef.1614-bef.1696)," WikiTree: The Free Family Tree, (https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/More-108 : accessed 25 February 2023).
WikiTree contributors, "Jasper More Esq. (abt.1547-bef.1614)," WikiTree: The Free Family Tree, (https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/More-132 : accessed 25 February 2023).
https://www.wikitree.com/index.php?title=Special:MyConnections&u=8956656&c=Mayflower_Passengers
Muslim History Related
Notes 1
Exploring Prophet Muhammad’s Hebraic descent Ibrahim Omer | July 29, 2022
In the West, the discussion on the origins of Prophet Muhammad has been the subject of limited studies. Traditional and contemporary popular beliefs regarding the Arabs and Arabia form the popular perception of Muhammad.
Historical records signify Muhammad’s Hebraic lineal descent tracing back to Ishmael, the son of Patriarch Abraham and his second wife Hagar, as unique and distinct. Examining Qur’anic verses, an intricate and an intimate connection between the Israelites as a chosen people and Muhammad as an exceptionally direct descendent of Ishmael emerges. According to the Biblical account while the Israelites were chosen as a tribe, the Arabs were not, only the lineal descent of Muhammad to Ishmael.
Muhammad is often defined and perceived as an Arab in the most simplistic traditional-contemporary sense. This perception is exemplified by Reuven Firestone’s analysis, in his work An Introduction to Islam for Jews, where he explained that “Arabs existed long before Muslims, but Islam emerged as an Arabian as opposed to Israelite or Greco-Roman-monotheism” and in Islamic Beliefs and Practices, in which Muhammad’s upbringing is described in context of “Arab traditions” and learning “the purest Arabic”.
Yet, from a historical standpoint, the emergence of the Arab as a distinctive and a cohesive identity only took shape after the introduction of Islam. As Peter Webb explained, “the familiar impressions of their origin as pre-Islamic Bedouin astride camels in the desert is one such myth which Muslims created to forget the fact that consciousness of Arab identity only coalesced in the Islamic-era.”
Who is Muhammad?
Muhammad bin Abdullah bin Abdul Muttalib lived in Late Antiquity. He is the prophet and founder of Islam. According to the Islamic faith, the Qur’an as revealed to Muhammad represents the final divine scripture of the Abrahamic Monotheistic religions, following the Gospels of Jesus.
Muhammad was born in, approximately 570 C.E. in the small city of Mecca in the western region of Arabia known as Hejaz. Muhammad had a tough childhood as he was orphaned at age 6. Although he was born into a relatively poor clan, his genealogical lineage as a member of the Quraysh tribe was respected in the Meccan society.
Arabized and native Arabs
Because Muhammad was a descendent of Ishmael, he was considered as part of Arabia’s Arabized non-Arab population. Historical Arab sources classify the inhabitants of the Peninsula into two main categories: the “impure” Arabized descendants of Ishmael (al-‘arab al-musta’ribah), and the “pure” native Arabs (al-‘arab al-‘aribah) who are said to descend from an ancestor named Qahtan. The Arabized population are also commonly identified as Adnanites, from Adnan, one of the descendants of Ishmael. While the Arabized groups occupied primarily northern, western and central regions of the Peninsula, the natives inhabited southern regions. Being the descendants of Ishmael who came from the Levant, the natives considered these people as essentially non-Arab. The 10th century linguist al-Azhari—as quoted by Richard Hitchcock in his book Mozarabs in Medieval and Early Modern Spain—described the Arabized population as “people not of pure Arabian descent, who have introduced themselves among the Arabs, and speak their language, and imitate their manner of appearance”.
Arabia
The background and cultural framework in which Muhammad is commonly identified in contemporary accounts is swamped by mythical perceptions about Arabia and the Arabs. Mecca, the origins and birthplace of Muhammad is traditionally depicted as a prosperous pre-Islamic trade center on the crossroad of trade routes between South Arabia and Levant. Of such mythical perceptions of Mecca is Wijdan Ali’s description of the city, in her book The Arab Contribution To Islamic Art, as a “major trading center” and Cyril Glasse who talked about “the prestige of Mecca”, in his popular work The New Encyclopedia of Islam. However, recent research suggests that the city wasn’t as important (e.g. Crone, 2015). Tom Holland, author and historian comments in the PBS documentary The Life of Muhammad:
The Muslim tradition gives us a portrait of Mecca as this great trading city, this great pagan cult center and the problem is that the archeology and the records of the time do not back this up. Mecca, if it existed, was way off any trading routes and we have no mention of it, at all, before the Islamic era.
Furthermore, as Robert Hoyland noted in his book In God’s Path, the popular portrayal of the entire pre-Islamic Arabian Peninsula as a cultural block of desert nomads, reinforced by stereotypes such as that portrayed in films such as Lawrence of Arabia, is more myth than reality. Research suggests that the Peninsula was not initially settled by a single group, but by diverse populations, or as Hoyland called them “many other peoples”. Hoyland elaborated: “Because of the varied topography and climate of Arabia these other peoples were often quite distinctive and had distinctive histories.”
https://geneticliteracyproject.org/2022/07/29/exploring-prophet-muhammads-hebraic-descent/
https://themuslimvibe.com/faith-islam/how-much-do-you-know-about-the-ancestry-of-prophet-muhammad
Notes 2
Cousin T. J-CTS5368 < 36,000 Years Ago Your paternal haplogroup, J-CTS5368, traces back to a man who lived less than 36,000 years ago. That's nearly 1440 generations ago! What happened between then and now? As researchers and citizen scientists discover more about your haplogroup, new details may be added to the story of your paternal line.
J-CTS5368 Today J-CTS5368 is relatively common among 23andMe customers. Today, you share your haplogroup with all the men who are paternal-line descendants of the common ancestor of J-CTS5368, including other 23andMe customers.
1 in 54 23andMe customers share your haplogroup assignment.
From 23andme.com
J-CTS5368 at 23andMe is equivalent to J-CTS12238 at FTDNA . One level below J-M267. It's basically J1 in the older parlance. https://forums.familytreedna.com/forum/general-interest/dna-and-genealogy-for-beginners/332062-want-to-dig-deeper-after-23andme-results
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haplogroup_J-M267
The Prophet Muhammad had no sons who reached adulthood. His daughter Fatima married Muhammad's cousin Ali and had two sons, al-Hasan and al-Husayn. All the male descendants of the two grandsons of the Prophet are related to Muhammad in the paternal line, meaning they carry the Y-DNA profile of Muhammad and his clan, the Hashemites. The Arab noble Hashemite clan descends from Hashim, the great-grandfather of Muhammad. Among others, the royal houses of Morocco and Jordan belong to this clan today.
Testing two members of the Jordanian royal family has now made it possible to determine the Y-DNA profile of this line. Until now only the exact haplogroup was known: J1-L859. https://www.igenea.com/en/muhammad
https://www.igenea.com/en/ancient-tribes/sami-people
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41431-020-00747-z
https://www.igenea.com/en/famous-people/diana
https://www.clan-forbes.org/post/prince-william
https://www.telegraphindia.com/india/on-the-elusive-trail-of-eliza-kewark/cid/287777
Notes 3
Prophet Muhammad’s family tree is not easy to understand primarily because there are not many evidences to support whatever is said and known on the subject so far. Known as the final true messenger of God, Prophet Muhammad, peace and blessings be upon him, was the one who spent most of his early life as a trader and merchant. He received his first revelation from Allah when he was 40 years old and spent the rest of his life preaching the message of God. He built and led the largest community of Muslims and unified the majority of the Arabian Peninsula under Islam. In addition to being a community leader and statesman, prophet Muhammad (PBUH) was also known for being a family man.
Prophet Muhammad‘s Family
Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) was born in 570 CE to Abd Allah bin Al-Muttalib and Amina bint Wahb. He was their first and only son. His family was one of Makkah’s most prominent families and belonged to the Quraysh tribe’s Banu Hashim clan. His father passed away shortly before his birth and he was raised by his mother, who entrusted her son to a wet nurse called Halima bint Abi Dhuayb and her husband, who belonged to the nomadic tribe of Sa’d ibn Bakr. Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) lived with his foster mother until the age of 2.
Muhammad lost his mother when he was 6 years old, after which he was passed into the care of Abd al-Muttalib, his paternal grandfather. Then, his grandfather died when the Prophet was 8 years old. And, he was raised by Abu Talib, his paternal uncle and the new leader of the Banu Hashim clan.
Prophet Muhammad’s Wives
Prophet Muhammad‘s family included 13 wives, who are referred to as the ‘Mothers of the Believers‘. He was monogamous with his first wife named Khadija bint Khuwaylid for 25 years until her death. The names and details about each of the wives of Prophet Muhammad are as follows:
Khadija bint Khuwaylid: She was a rich merchant and widow who employed Muhammad as a trader. She was 15 years older than him. And, they had a happy monogamous marriage for 25 years. She and the Prophet had six children including four daughters and two sons, both of whom died in infancy. https://zamzam.com/blog/prophet-muhammad-family/
Three of the world's major religions -- the monotheist traditions of Judaism, Christianity, and Islam -- were all born in the Middle East and are all inextricably linked to one another. Christianity was born from within the Jewish tradition, and Islam developed from both Christianity and Judaism.
While there have been differences among these religions, there was a rich cultural interchange between Jews, Christians, and Muslims that took place in Islamic Spain and other places over centuries.
Judaism
A brief history of Judaism
Judaism is the oldest surviving monotheistic religion, arising in the eastern Mediterranean in the second millennium B.C.E. Abraham is traditionally considered to be the first Jew and to have made a covenant with God. Because Judaism, Christianity, and Islam all recognize Abraham as their first prophet, they are also called the Abrahamic religions.
An ancient wall relief depicting a religious scene [ enlarge ]
While there was always a small community of Jews in historic Palestine, in 73 C.E. the Roman Empire dispersed the Jews after an insurrection against Roman authority. Most Jews then lived in Diaspora, as minorities in their communities, until the founding of the state of Israel in 1948.
When Jews from all over the world came to settle in modern Israel, they found that various subcultures had developed in different areas with distinctive histories, languages, religious practices, customs, and cuisine.
https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/globalconnections/mideast/themes/religion/
Notes 4
WikiTree contributors, "John Dixwell (1613-1689)," WikiTree: The Free Family Tree, (https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Dixwell-1 : accessed 30 April 2023). WikiTree contributors, "Humbert (Savoie) de Savoie (abt.1065-1103)," WikiTree: The Free Family Tree, (https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Savoie-254 : accessed 30 April 2023).
Founded the Sons of Daniel Boone in 1905, which he later merged with the Boy Scouts of America.
WikiTree contributors, "Daniel Carter Beard (1850-1941)," WikiTree: The Free Family Tree, (https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Beard-2181 : accessed 30 April 2023).
WikiTree contributors, "Barzilla Hurlbut Sr. (1781-1858)," WikiTree: The Free Family Tree, (https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Hurlbut-714 : accessed 30 April 2023).
WikiTree contributors, "Lovinia (Wolcott) Hurlburt (1789-1862)," WikiTree: The Free Family Tree, (https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Wolcott-2312 : accessed 30 April 2023).
WikiTree contributors, "Justus Wolcott II (1763-1831)," WikiTree: The Free Family Tree, (https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Wolcott-2218 : accessed 30 April 2023).
WikiTree contributors, "Levina (Wolcott) Hurlbut (1789-1862)," WikiTree: The Free Family Tree, (https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Wolcott-1904 : accessed 30 April 2023).
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Yamama
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Why_I_Am_Not_a_Muslim
The pen name Ibn Warraq (Arabic: ابن وراق, most literally "son of a papermaker") is used due to his concerns for his personal safety; It is a name that has been adopted by dissident authors throughout the history of Islam.[2] The name refers to the 9th-century skeptical scholar Abu Isa al-Warraq.[8] Warraq adopted the pseudonym in 1995 when he completed his first book, entitled Why I Am Not a Muslim. https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Warraq
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Origins_of_the_Koran
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/W._Montgomery_Watt
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad_at_Mecca
Conversion to Christianity
Zaida’s position at the court was as poorly understood by Christian contemporaries in Spain as it is today. Some texts refer to her as a concubine; in fact, according to Pelayo, the famous bishop of Oviedo, Zaida was “nearly his wife”. And if the presence of the Muslim princess at court might have been a touchy subject in itself, Alfonso VI’s decision to make Zaida his legitimate spouse was even more perplexing.
The birth of Sancho, Alfonso VI’s only son, was the determining factor. Zaida then converted to Christianity, taking the same name, Isabel, later used by her famous descendant. https://theconversation.com/amp/meet-the-muslim-princess-zaida-spanish-ancestor-of-the-british-royal-family-96567
https://www.history.com/news/is-queen-elizabeth-related-to-the-prophet-muhammad
Genealogy and Knowledge in Muslim Societies https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/9780748644988/html?lang=en
Ways of Connecting With the Past: Genealogies in Nasrid Granada https://academic.oup.com/edinburgh-scholarship-online/book/14651/chapter-abstract/168810959?redirectedFrom=fulltext
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maghreb
J1e is the genetic signature of the Hashemites, a clan to which the Prophet Mohammed belonged. The current King of Jordan, Abdullah II, is a Hashemite descendant, and one of the better-known living descendants of the Prophet Mohammed. Just how many will test their own DNA to find a link remains to be seen, officials say. "When it comes to the Prophet, I'd rather live in doubt than receive certainty that I'm not related to him," said Sheikh Furber. https://www.thenationalnews.com/uae/dna-could-illuminate-islam-s-lineage-1.504829?outputType=amp
ValuesTopicsRegions
Where Islam Diverges From Western Religions
By Robert Marquand Staff writer of The Christian Science Monitor
February 12, 1996WASHINGTON
IN the religious pluralism of America today, Muslims emphasize the similarities between Islam, Judaism, and Christianity.
All three faiths are "Abrahamic." Jews and Christians trace their lineage to Abraham's son Isaac. Muslims trace their lineage to Abraham's son Ishmael, whom God saved in the wilderness in the book of Genesis. Islam embraces the moral and ethical teachings of Moses and Jesus. Honesty, dignity, decency, and equality are central to the Prophet Muhammad's message.
https://www.csmonitor.com/1996/0212/12101.html
https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2002/05/the-royal-we/302497/
http://nicholaswhyte.info/muhammad.htm
Zaida and the chess match
The Muslim princess Zaida, who lived in the city of Seville, is a significant figure in the alleged family tree of Queen Elizabeth that ties her to the Prophet Muhammad.
Zaida is depicted as a Muslim refugee who fled Seville, converted to Christianity, and became known as Isabella. Thought by some to be the daughter of Seville's ruler Al-Mutamid Ibn Abbad, purportedly a descendant of the Hashemite clan, she became a mistress of King Alfonso VI of Castile, the archenemy of her father.
Allegedly, one of Zaida's offspring would go on to marry Richard of Conisbrough, the 3rd Earl of Cambridge, in the 14th century. He is said to be an ancestor of Queen Elizabeth.
"One of the stories is that Alfonso VI 'won' Zaida in a chess match against al-Mutamid, the Muslim king of Seville, who was her father. This is a legend that attempts to equate women and land and to justify that Alfonso had not won any land against al-Mutamid, but he had won the daughter," Grieve explained.
Zaida's relationship with King Alfonso is obscured by the fact that it is not clear whether she was his mistress or his wife.
Grieve said that if Zaida was the figure that converted to Christianity and took the name Isabel, that would link her to the royal families of Europe beyond Spain.
https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/queen-elizabeth-not-related-prophet-muhammad
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indo-European_languages
Sufism dates back almost to the time of the Prophet Muhammad, and it has been present in Muslim societies for more than 12 centuries. Historically, Sufis were organized into a number of brotherhoods or mystical orders (tariqat, literally “paths”), each with its own religious rites, saintly lineage and leadership structure. The head of each order, generally a hereditary position known as the shaykh or pir, represented a spiritual genealogy tracing back to the prophet. https://www.pewresearch.org/religion/2010/09/15/muslim-networks-and-movements-in-western-europe-sufi-orders/
https://aeon.co/ideas/for-centuries-european-aristocrats-proudly-claimed-foreign-ancestry
Notes 5
WikiTree contributors, "Muhammad (بن عبدالله) ibn Abd Allah ﷺ (abt.0570-0632)," WikiTree: The Free Family Tree, (https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/بن_عبدالله-3 : accessed 30 April 2023). Muhammad[a] (Arabic: مُحَمَّد; c. 570 – 8 June 632 CE)[b] was an Arab religious, social, and political leader and the founder of Islam.[c] According to Islamic doctrine, he was a prophet divinely inspired to preach and confirm the monotheistic teachings of Adam, Abraham, Moses, Jesus, and other prophets.[2][3][4] He is believed to be the Seal of the Prophets within Islam. Muhammad united Arabia into a single Muslim polity, with the Quran as well as his teachings and practices forming the basis of Islamic religious belief.
Muhammad was born approximately 570 CE in Mecca.[1] He was the son of Abdullah ibn Abd al-Muttalib and Amina bint Wahb. His father, Abdullah, the son of Quraysh tribal leader Abd al-Muttalib ibn Hashim, died a few months before Muhammad's birth. His mother Amina died when he was six, leaving Muhammad an orphan.[5] He was raised under the care of his grandfather, Abd al-Muttalib, and paternal uncle, Abu Talib.[6] In later years, he would periodically seclude himself in a mountain cave named Hira for several nights of prayer. When he was 40, circa 610 CE, Muhammad reported being visited by Gabriel in the cave[1] and receiving his first revelation from God. In 613,[7] Muhammad started preaching these revelations publicly,[8] proclaiming that "God is One", that complete "submission" (islām) to God is the right way of life (dīn),[9] and that he was a prophet and messenger of God, similar to the other prophets in Islam.[10][3][11]
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad
This al-Mu'tamid had 16) a son Abul-Kasim Muhammad ben Abbad al Mu'tamid (1045-1095) who became Emir of Seville and was famously devoted to his wife, I'tamid; they had 17) a daughter Zaida (1075-1107), baptised as a Christian, and renamed Isabel, who was married to 1098 to Alfonso VI, King of Leòn & Castile; she had 18) a daughter Sancha de Castile (born c.1100) wha was married in 1120 to to Rodrigo 'El Franco' Gonzalez de Lara.
In a second article, Todd Farmerie points out that 17) Zaida presents two big problems: first, "Contemporary Arabic sources describe Zaida as daughter-in-law of the ruler of Seville, not his daughter, and any attempt to identify her paternity has not moved beyond the level of wild guesswork. (Any assignment of her mother is completely without foundation, as mothers were almost never identified, even for the rulers.)" - so her relationship with those ahead of her in the table is disputable; and secondly, "Zaida was baptized as Isabel, but it is far from universally accepted that she is identical with the Queen Isabel who was mother of Sancha Alfonso, wife of Rodrigo Gonzalez" - so the relations below are dodgy as well. http://nicholaswhyte.info/muhammad.htm
WikiTree contributors, "Zaida (Unknown) de Sevilla (1075-1107)," WikiTree: The Free Family Tree, (https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Unknown-439813 : accessed 30 April 2023).
https://web.archive.org/web/20070202123706/http://humphrysfamilytree.com/
The Arabic house of IslamThe line is disputed at Zaida (of course). The modern consensus seems to be that the descent is real, and that the Christians disputed it for purely political reasons (they did not want it known that the whole Spanish Christian Royal House had Moorish Islamic ancestry). https://web.archive.org/web/20000601202347/http://www.compapp.dcu.ie/~humphrys/FamTree/Islam/index.html
WikiTree contributors, "Abu al-Fatah al-Mamun Abbadid (abt.1065-1091)," WikiTree: The Free Family Tree, (https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Abbadid-4 : accessed 30 April 2023).
Introduction Unlike Jesus, the Prophet Muhammad left many descendants, and prominent Muslims were interested from an early period in tracking his descendants, and also marrying them. As a result, there are many Islamic lines claiming to descend from Muhammad. And many of them may be true.
One big mystery is whether we can connect Western Christian lines to this tree. There is not yet any proven descent from the Prophet Muhammad to medieval European Christian lines. If any descent is established, it will probably be through medieval Spain and Portugal.
Muslim family treesFamily tree of Muhammad
Claimed Christian descents from the Prophet MuhammadIt has been claimed that Auria, wife of Fortun Garces, King of Pamplona (died 922 AD), had Muslim ancestry, and may even have a descent from the Prophet Muhammad. This seems unproven.
A descent from the Prophet Muhammad has been alleged for Zaida of Seville, the Muslim mistress of Alfonso VI of Leon and Castile (died 1109). This seems unproven or disproven.
A descent from the Prophet Muhammad has been alleged for Maria de Padilla, mistress of Peter the Cruel, King of Castile and Leon (born 1334). This seems disproven.
Islamic descents from the Prophet Muhammad Can we believe the Islamic descents? Some scholars believe that little from this period can be treated as reliable history:Historicity of MuhammadDid Muhammad Exist? by Robert Spencer (2012).Why I Am Not a Muslim by Ibn Warraq (1995).Ch.3 ("The Problem of Sources") https://humphrysfamilytree.com/Spain/islam.html
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historicity_of_Muhammad
Notes 6
The conquest of Constantinople by the Turks on May 29, 1453 is more than just the ordinary fall of a city. The conquest was a turning point both in the Turkish and Islamic history and the history of the world. https://www.dailysabah.com/feature/2015/05/29/the-conquest-of-constantinople-the-heralding-in-a-new-era
THE CONQUEST HADITH AND THE MUSLIM SIEGES OF CONSTANTINOPLE
It was through the Hudaybiya Treaty (April 628) that the general concept of conquest, with its spiritual dimension of reaching out to hearts and minds, entered Islamic culture. Prophet Muhammad taught his Companions (Sahaba) that conquest could occur both through war and through preaching the message of the faith. He also indicated that the Byzantine and Sassanid empires were the two greatest obstacles to Islam, and thus targets for the umma (Muslim people) by saying: “If the Khosrau is destroyed, no Khosrau will follow, if Caesar is ruined, no Caesar will follow. Their treasures will be divided in Allah’s cause.”1 This hadith (saying of Prophet Muhammad) was interpreted to mean that both of these empires would submit to the Muslims.
https://istanbultarihi.ist/423-the-conquest-hadith-and-the-muslim-sieges-of-constantinople
INTERVIEWS
Interview with Abu Ameena Dr. Bilal Philips
March 29, 2020
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Dr. Bilal Philips is a world renowned Islamic scholar and holds posts ranging from Dean to Director at institutions in four countries: Preston International College (Chennai), Knowledge International University (Riyadh), Islamic Studies Academy(Doha), College of Dawah (Sudan) and is Chancellor of ISLAMIC ONLINE UNIVERSITY. Born in Jamaica he has lived in Canada, Saudi Arabia, U.A.E. and Qatar. After embracing Islam in the 70′s, he has constantly been in the quest of gaining knowledge and after graduating from the Islamic University of Medina, he did his M.A. from the Riyadh University followed by a Ph.D from the University of Wales (1994). Following is the text of the 30 min. interview he gave to Iesha Javed in February 2010.
IESHA JAVED: MOST OF THE MUSLIMS ESPECIALLY THE YOUTH LOOK UP TO YOU, YOUR BOOKS AND MOST OF YOUR WORK AS A MEANS TO REACH THE CORRECT AQEEDAH. HOW WOULD YOU DEFINE THE CORRECT AQEEDAH?
Dr. Bilal Philips: Well, aqeedah being creed or belief system, the correct aqeedah is that which is derived from the Quran, authentically interpreted by the Prophet (S.A.W) and the companions and from the authentic sunnah of the prophet (S.A.W) as it was correctly explained by the early scholars of Islam.
In Islam we have so many sects and newer groups popping each other day. Do you find a way out to reconcile these differing sects of Islam?
The only way out is for people to agree on the foundations that I just gave you. See, as long as people are going to take the Quran and interpret it as they feel, choose Sunnah whether it is authentic or inauthentic, and understand and interpret it as they feel, it is impossible for the groups to come together. Allah says in the Quran to the Christians to come together on a single word and to agree on the basic principle that is “only worship Allah alone”. Similarly the call for these muslims is that we have to agree on one common word; that word is that “We would understand and co-operate and work together on the basis of the Quran and sunnah as it was understood by Prophet (S.A.W) and the best of generations- the sahabah, their students and the students of their students. That is the generation whose understanding projects the correct understanding of Islam and that is what has been handed down to the leading scholars of Islam. But, the masses of Muslims have stayed away from that understanding and are now drowning in cultural, customary and traditional practices which have nothing to do with Islam at all.
YOU HAVE WRITTEN A BOOK CALLED THE EVOLUTION OF FIQH WHICH IS ONE OF YOUR MOST POPULAR BOOKS. WHAT WAS BASICALLY THE BACKDROP OF THAT BOOK AND WHAT IS YOUR AIM IN WRITING SUCH A BOOK?
Well the book was based on the course that I took during my masters’ when I studied at Riyadh university, the teacher who taught it was Dr Asaal from Egypt, who later was at the International Islamic University, Islamabad and he taught this course Tareekh-e-Fiqh fi Shariah i.e. “The history of legislation in Islam”. So, I was very impressed with it for it brought out an understanding of Madhabs and how they evolved. A person’s position should be clear so I took it upon myself to gather as many books were written upon the subject and then based on the basic course of studies of Dr Assal I presented that material in English. The idea basically was to provide a clear understanding of the Madhabs. People who don’t understand the Madhab feel that it is divinely ordained that you follow one madhab and all other kinds of misunderstandings concerning it.
https://deenislam.org/amp/interviews/interview-with-abu-ameena-dr-bilal-philips/
A Madhhab (Arabic: مذهب Madhhab, IPA: [ˈmaðhab], "way to act". pl. مَذَاهِب Madhāhib, IPA: [ˈmaðaːhib]) is a school of thought within fiqh (Islamic jurisprudence).
The major Sunni Madhhab are Hanafi, Maliki, Shafi'i and Hanbali.[1] They emerged in the ninth and tenth centuries CE and by the twelfth century almost all jurists aligned themselves with a particular madhhab.[2] These four schools recognize each other's validity and they have interacted in legal debate over the centuries.[2][1] Rulings of these schools are followed across the Muslim world without exclusive regional restrictions, but they each came to dominate in different parts of the world
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madhhab
https://aboutislam.net/spirituality/6-easy-dhikr-to-purify-your-heart-daily/
Prophet Muhammad's fondness for cats is conveyed in his hadith: "Affection for cats is part of faith" (Maqasid al-Hasanah, al-Sakhawi). So, loving a cat is a sign that someone is a believer. When Prophet Muhammad came across a black-and-white Abyssinian cat breastfeeding her kitten during the Uhud campaign, he changed the course of his soldiers. On his way back he adopted this cat and gave her the name "Muezza." One day, he slightly tipped his cup so that a cat passing by could drink some water.
A companion of Prophet Muhammad was given the name Abu Hurairah, which means "father of cats." Abu Hurairah was given this name because wherever he went, he always had a cat with him. It is even said among the people that Prophet Muhammad stroked the back of a cat for strangling a snake that was about to harm someone and that is why cats land on four feet and not on their backs.
https://www.dailysabah.com/feature/2017/12/11/love-of-cats-a-sign-of-faith-in-islam
https://medium.com/the-masterpiece/where-cats-and-humans-pray-together-5bfd064ad08a
https://www.islamicexperiences.com/2012/02/most-beautiful-true-love-story-ever.html?m=1
https://www.islamicfinder.org/news/feeling-hopeless-and-depressed-heres-the-islamic-way-to-cure-it/
https://muslimmatters.org/2019/06/16/the-unexpected-blessings-of-being-alone/
Notes
The (Great) Khurasan Road was the great trunk road connecting Mesopotamia to the Iranian Plateau and thence to Central Asia, China, and the Indus Valley. https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khurasan_Road
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gates_of_Alexander
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nineveh
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Road
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brindisi
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaliningrad_Regional_Amber_Museum
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaliningrad_Amber_Combine
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaliningrad_Regional_Amber_Museum
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaliningrad_Oblast
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nordic_Bronze_Age
The Amber Road was an ancient trade route for the transfer of amber from coastal areas of the North Sea and the Baltic Sea to the Mediterranean Sea.[1] Prehistoric trade routes between Northern and Southern Europe were defined by the amber trade. https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amber_Road
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historic_roads_and_trails
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Silk_Road
Kashgar[6][7][8] (Uyghur: قەشقەر, romanized: Qeshqer) or Kashi[8][9][10] (Chinese: 喀什) is an oasis city in the Tarim Basin region of Southern Xinjiang. It is one of the westernmost cities of China, near the border with Afghanistan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan and Pakistan. With a population of over 500,000, Kashgar has served as a trading post and strategically important city on the Silk Road between China, the Middle East and Europe for over 2,000 years, making it one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in the World. https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kashgar
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dzungar_people
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarim_Basin
Evidence that a West-East admixed population lived in the Tarim Basin as early as the early Bronze Age https://bmcbiol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1741-7007-8-15
Nestorian Christianity and the Silk Road
Nestorian archbishop and servants
Lance Jenott of the University of Washington wrote: “For Christians living in Persia, persecutions were intermittent and usually resulted from a particular ruler's ties with the native Zoroastrian priests who often strove to elevate their native faith over such non-traditional religions as Judaism, Buddhism, Christianity and Manichaeism. Most of the time Nestorians lived peacefully under rulers who favored religious diversity within their realm. At times, Nestorians even served in the Persian military against the Christian Byzantine West. [Source: Lance Jenott, University of Washington, depts.washington.edu/silkroad *]
“From Persia, the Nestorian church continued to grow eastward along the Silk Roads. Situated on the crossroads of Asia, the region of Sogdiana (modern day Uzbekistan and Tajikistan) was a chief center of commercial and cultural exchange bringing together merchants from nearly all regions of Asia. Through their long existent commercial ties with the Persian merchants, Sogdians began to convert to Nestorian Christianity and played a key role in its transmission east. Often multilingual, Sogdian merchants served as capable translators of Nestorian texts. In the Tarim Basin--a well known hot-spot of diverse religious beliefs--a cache of Nestorian texts translated from Syriac (the official language of the Nestorian church) into Sogdian was discovered in the early twentieth century. Although translations, some of these texts were previously unknown. By 650 an archbishopric existed in Samarkand and even further east in Kashgar. Sogdian merchants, along side Syrian missionaries, also contributed to the conversion of nomadic Turkish tribes living in the steppe of Central Asia. The Nestorian faith by the Mongol period (13th century), intermixed with indigenous religious practice, is thought to have been quite prosperous among the nomads. *\
https://factsanddetails.com/world/cat55/sub392/entry-5792.html#chapter-6
The Nestorians emphasized the duality of being between man and divine. They were regarded as heretics by other sects for their belief that there were two separate persons in the incarnate Christ and their denial that Christ was in one person both God and man.
https://factsanddetails.com/world/cat55/sub392/entry-5792.html#chapter-6
https://www.thoughtco.com/prester-john-1435023
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syriac_Orthodox_Church
When Muhammed had his encounter on the mountaintop, it was his wife Khadija who suggested that what visited Muhammad was not a jinn (a demon) but Angel Gabriel. She had learned about Christianity and Christian stories from her first cousin Waraqah ibn Nawfal who was a Nestorian monk. Waraqah is revered as one of the first people who recognized Muhammed as prophet: https://deryalittle.com/blog/nestorianism-and-islam
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waraqah_ibn_Nawfal
Mormon History Related
Notes 1
http://www.utlm.org/onlinebooks/trackingch6b.htm https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&opi=89978449&url=https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/220141943.pdf&ved=2ahUKEwjByouB6q6AAxUzAzQIHY5RCCw4ChAWegQICBAB&usg=AOvVaw12TII4A1VoZeKjuBeQCdrr
https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1985-06-13-mn-10653-story.html
https://www.thebulwark.com/fraud-fortune-and-fame-in-the-search-for-religions-origins/
https://www.kirkusreviews.com/book-reviews/noah-van-sciver/joseph-smith-and-the-mormons/
In their search for contact with the divine, the Smiths were susceptible to the folk magic still flourishing in rural America in the early nineteenth century. Harboring the perpetual hope of the poor for quick riches, Joseph Smith Sr. searched for lost treasure, often with the help of Joseph Jr. Like many of their neighbors, the family combined the use of divining rods and seer stones with conventional forms of Christian worship. In his early twenties, Joseph Jr. had to extricate himself from the local band of treasure seekers before he could focus on his calling to translate the Book of Mormon. https://www.josephsmithpapers.org/articles/joseph-smith-and-his-papers-an-introduction
It was an unlikely candidacy: a thirty-eight-year-old mayor from the heartland who pitched himself as the solution to partisan gridlock, played up his military experience, talked often about his faith, and promised to end the country’s moral decline. He was fond of quoting the Founding Fathers, had an army of grassroots supporters, and came from a swing state. But the year was 1844, the state was Illinois, the parties were the Whigs and the Democrats, and the candidate was Joseph Smith, the founder of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints.
Whether or not the country would have been with Joe, we’ll never know: on June 27th, a few months after announcing his candidacy, the first Mormon to run for President became the first Presidential candidate to be assassinated.
And he eventually became the biggest rival to Brigham Young for control of the Church."
Strang moved the headquarters of the Church to Beaver Island in Lake Michigan in 1848. It was there that Strang crowned himself the King of Earth and Heaven. https://www.wpr.org/most-audacious-con-man-youve-never-heard
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirtland_Safety_Society
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Smith_and_the_criminal_justice_system
https://christinprophecy.org/articles/three-irrefutable-reasons-why-joseph-smith-was-a-fraud/
Notes 2
http://www.sidneyrigdon.com/criddle/Smith-Source2.htm Joseph Smith, Captain Kidd Lore, and Treasure-Seeking in New York and New England during the Early Republic. https://www.academia.edu/14076691/Joseph_Smith_Captain_Kidd_Lore_and_Treasure_Seeking_in_New_York_and_New_England_during_the_Early_Republic
https://www.academia.edu/31771595/Reassessing_Joseph_Smith_Jr_s_Formal_Education
The Hale farm began with Isaac Hale. He was born March 21, 1763, in New Haven, Connecticut, to Diantha Ward and Reuben Hale. After his mother died and his father remarried, Hale joined his maternal grandparents Phebe and “the enterprising Arah Ward, mill-builder and pioneer,” in Waterbury, Connecticut.
When Isaac Hale was a young boy in New Haven, Connecticut, he was raised in a culture that promoted the search for gold. Even the elite where Isaac lived as a boy put resources into discovering precious metal.
https://josephsmithjr.org/issac-and-elizabeth-hale-in-their-endless-mountain-home/
WikiTree contributors, "Isaac Hale (1763-1839)," WikiTree: The Free Family Tree, (https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Hale-102 : accessed 30 July 2023).
WikiTree contributors, "Arah Ward (1718-1780)," WikiTree: The Free Family Tree, (https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Ward-420 : accessed 30 July 2023).
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alvin_Smith_(brother_of_Joseph_Smith)
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calomel
Notes 3
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smith_Family_Farm https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Smith_Sr.
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_F._Smith
https://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/digital/collection/RelEd/id/5340/
https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/11447948/lemuel-durfee
Having survived the determined criticism of Mormon scholars Hugh Nibley and Richard L. Anderson, the Hurlbut . . . affidavaits must be granted permanent status as primary documents relating to Joseph Smith's early life and the origins of Mormonism. . . .
"In general terms, the Hurlbut . . . testimonials paint a portrait of a young frontiersman and his family struggling to eke out a minimal existence in western New York, facing the discouraging realities of life on the margins of society. Intelligent and quick-wttted, if not always a hard worker, Joseph Smith, Jr., had been brought up by parents who believed in angels, evil spirits, and ghosts; in buried treasure that slipped into the earth if the proper rituals were not performed to exhume them; in divining rods and seer stones, in dreams and visions; and that despite their indigent status, their's was a family chosen by God for a worthy purpose. . . .
"Nondescript and of little condequence until he started attracting others to his peculiar blend of biblical Christianity, frontier folk belief, popular culture, and personal experince, Joseph Smith was an enigma to his incredulous New York neighbors. For them, he would always remain a superstitious adolescent dreamer and his succes as a prophet a riddle for which there was no answer." https://www.exmormon.org/phorum/read.php?2,610984
https://www.thechurchnews.com/1998/1/24/23251178/smiths-lived-in-log-home-for-8-years
WikiTree contributors, "Lemuel Durfee (1759-1829)," WikiTree: The Free Family Tree, (https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Durfee-380 : accessed 30 July 2023).
https://ancestors.familysearch.org/en/LV7L-PKZ/lemuel-durfee-1759-1829
Rather than defend Smith’s later statements that limited his involvement as a treasure seer to a single, brief instance with Josiah Stowell in November 1825 in Harmony, Pennsylvania, many scholars now accept the essential accuracy of the March 1826 court transcript.[1] In this court record Smith confessed that “he had a certain stone, which he had occasionally looked at to determine where hidden treasures . . . were . . . and had looked for Mr. Stowell several times . . . that at Palmyra . . . he had frequently ascertained in that way where lost property was . . . that he has occasionally been in the habit of looking through this stone to find lost property for three years.”[2]
This study has identified eighteen locations of Joseph Smith’s early treasure quests (see Chart 1). While it is unlikely that any of these sites will become as famous as the northwestern slope of the Hill Cumorah, each nevertheless deserves scholarly attention as possible historical landmarks leading to the “Gold Bible Hill.” The turning point in Joseph Smith’s money-digging career came in August 1827, when he, Emma, and Peter Ingersoll visited Harmony, Pennsylvania, to retrieve some of Emma’s furniture and other belongings. According to Ingersoll and Isaac Hale, an emotional confrontation occurred between Smith and Hale during which Smith promised to give up money digging and stone gazing and Hale promised to help the couple get established in Harmony.[113] After returning to Manchester, Smith procured the gold plates, quit the money-digging company, and moved to Harmony to open a new farm. Thereafter he used his stone only for religious purposes.
https://www.dialoguejournal.com/articles/the-locations-of-joseph-smiths-early-treasure-quests/
http://www.sidneyrigdon.com/criddle/Smith-Source2.htm
Claim #1 Around 1809-1812, a man named Solomon Spalding wrote a manuscript on the origins of Native American Indians entitled "Manuscript Found." Spalding shared excerpts and revisions of his work with family, neighbors, and associates, but was unable to publish his work before his death in 1816. After publication of The Book of Mormon in 1830, many of those familiar with Spalding’s unpublished work claimed that Spalding’s "Manuscript Found" was the source of distinctive names and the non-theological content and storyline of The Book of Mormon
Claim #2 Sidney Rigdon, a popular preacher in the 1820’s Christian Restoration movement, obtained a copy of "Manuscript Found" and used it as a narrative framework, adding his own theology, to create the 1830 version of The Book of Mormon.
http://sidneyrigdon.com/criddle/rigdon2.htm
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solomon_Spalding
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spalding%E2%80%93Rigdon_theory_of_Book_of_Mormon_authorship
https://www.churchofjesuschrist.org/study/manual/gospel-topics/spaulding-manuscript?lang=eng
https://rsc.byu.edu/manuscript-found/what-manuscript-found
WikiTree contributors, "Solomon Spalding (1761-1816)," WikiTree: The Free Family Tree, (https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Spalding-1059 : accessed 30 July 2023).
https://www.geni.com/people/Rev-Solomon-Spalding/6000000018471895726
https://www.lightplanet.com/mormons/response/bom/spalding-theory-debunked.html
Notes 4
WikiTree contributors, "Perrigrine Sessions (1814-1893)," WikiTree: The Free Family Tree, (https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Sessions-19 : accessed 27 July 2023). On the 27th day of September, 1847, Perrigrine Sessions, with his family, moved about nine miles north of the newly established Mormon settlement of Salt Lake City and camped. He had traveled beyond the Hot Springs to find feed for his flocks and herds. Here he constructed a dugout with skins for a roof and wintered, he and his family being the sole occupants of the place until the spring of 1848. This dugout was located at approximately 250 North and 280 West. He was thus the founder of Utah's second settlement and the first white man to make a home in what we now know as Davis County. https://www.bountifulutah.gov/Bountiful-City-History
https://jacobbarlow.com/2020/03/09/perrigrine-sessions-dugout/amp/
DIARY OF PERRIGRINE SESSIONS PIONEER OF 1847 http://www.sedgwickresearch.com/sessions/perrigrine_sessions.htm
https://ancestors.familysearch.org/en/KWCG-4W6/perrigrine-sessions-1814-1893
WikiTree contributors, "Edward (Isaac) Isaack (abt.1510-1573)," WikiTree: The Free Family Tree, (https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Isaac-136 : accessed 27 July 2023).
Perrigrine and Erik are 12th cousins 6 times removed
Via:
WikiTree contributors, "Margaret (Gulby) Waller (abt.1402-1493)," WikiTree: The Free Family Tree, (https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Gulby-1 : accessed 27 July 2023).
WikiTree contributors, "Sylvia Porter (Sessions) Clark (1818-1882)," WikiTree: The Free Family Tree, (https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Sessions-59 : accessed 27 July 2023).
WikiTree contributors, "Windsor Palmer Lyon (1809-1849)," WikiTree: The Free Family Tree, (https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Lyon-6693 : accessed 27 July 2023).
https://www.josephsmithpapers.org/person/windsor-palmer-lyon
Reconstructing the Y-Chromosome of Joseph Smith: Genealogical Applications https://www.jstor.org/stable/23289931
Resolving a 150-year-old paternity case in Mormon history using DTC autosomal DNA testing of distant relatives. Among all the children attributed to Joseph Smith Jr., Josephine Lyon, born in 1844, is perhaps the most frequently mentioned. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1872497319300663
Hyrum Smith alone has approximately 15,000 living descendants.
Joseph Smith’s likely haplogroup, which turned out to be R1b
https://gospeltangents.com/2017/08/was-joseph-smith-irish/
Inferential Genotyping of Y Chromosomes in Latter-Day Saints Founders and Comparison to Utah Samples in the HapMap Project https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2668019/
said.Marsh, in her paper "Respectable Assassins: A Collective Biography and Socioeconomic Study of the Carthage Mob," said that contrary to popular belief the mobsters did not suffer for their actions, and actually were respected people who went on to greater accomplishments."
Blood, Bullets, Pistols, and Mobbers: A New Look at Solving a Carthage Jail Mystery
E. Gary Smith
https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.5406/jmormhist.45.4.0001
https://www.historicmysteries.com/joseph-smith-death/
https://famous-trials.com/carthrage
In the late afternoon on June 27, 1844, a mob craving its own frontier form of justice crept across an Illinois pasture and surrounded the jail at Carthage. The militia that had been mustered to keep the peace mounted no resistance. A small pack of the attackers stormed up the stairs and swiftly fired shots into the second-floor cell that housed the Mormon prophet, Joseph Smith, his brother Hyrum, and his friends John Taylor and Willard Richards. The melee ended as quickly as it had begun. https://www.pbs.org/americanprophet/prologue.html
https://history.churchofjesuschrist.org/content/museum/museum-treasures-powder-horn?lang=eng
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Killing_of_Joseph_Smith
Born in Vermont in 1805, Smith claimed in 1823 that he had been visited by a Christian angel named Moroni who spoke to him of an ancient text that had been lost for 1,500 years. The holy text, supposedly engraved on gold plates by a Native American historian in the fourth century, related a story of Israelite peoples who had lived in America in ancient times. During the next several years, Smith dictated an English translation of this text to his wife and other scribes, and in 1830 The Book of Mormon was published. In the same year, Smith founded the Church of Christ—later known as the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints—in Fayette Township. https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/mormon-leader-killed-by-mob
Joseph Smith matters to me for all of the above reasons, but there’s something more. As a non-Latter-day Saint, I admire Smith as an “authentic religious genius,” to use Harold Bloom’s phrase, but I don’t accept his prophetic claims. I don’t think he translated an ancient record, and I wouldn’t trust him with my money or my wife.
https://themarginaliareview.com/why-does-joseph-smith-matter/
General Melungeon Related Research
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melungeon
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Dutch_(genealogy)
European History Related
General Medieval History Research
Matthias de l'Obel https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matthias_de_l%27Obel
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Cecil,_1st_Baron_Burghley
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baron_Zouche
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuel_More
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_More_(Parliamentarian)
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abeyance
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_la_Zouche,_11th_Baron_Zouche
117 common ancestors were found between Edward and Erik.
70 common ancestors were found between Edward and Luke.
122 common ancestors were found between Edward and Yvonne.
101 common ancestors were found between Edward and Thomas.
118 common ancestors were found between Edward and Nils.
WikiTree contributors, "Edward (Zouche) la Zouche (1556-1625)," WikiTree: The Free Family Tree, (https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Zouche-192 : accessed 25 February 2023).
.......
https://www.geni.com/people/Jacobus-Ironmonger/6000000000386997576
WikiTree contributors, "James Ironmonger (1489-abt.1560)," WikiTree: The Free Family Tree, (https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Ironmonger-107 : accessed 25 February 2023).
WikiTree contributors, "John Kingsmill (abt.1494-1556)," WikiTree: The Free Family Tree, (https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Kingsmill-8 : accessed 25 February 2023).
WikiTree contributors, "William Ironmonger (abt.1629-aft.1695)," WikiTree: The Free Family Tree, (https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Ironmonger-2 : accessed 25 February 2023).
WikiTree contributors, "Mary (Kingsmill) Goddard (bef.1552-1600)," WikiTree: The Free Family Tree, (https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Kingsmill-7 : accessed 25 February 2023).
WikiTree contributors, "Edward (Zouche) la Zouche (1556-1625)," WikiTree: The Free Family Tree, (https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Zouche-192 : accessed 25 February 2023).
The Stewarts came from Dol in Brittany, near the coast north of Rennes, so it’s historically a Gallo-speaking region. Their Y-chromosome has haplogroup R-L21, which is ancient British.
The FitzRandolph family have long claimed a descent from the House of Rennes. Several men with the surname FitzRandolph have been tested precisely, and their Y-DNA is R-FGC41936, which derives from the ancient Roman republic. https://www.quora.com/How-Celtic-were-the-dukes-of-Brittany-as-in-the-Middle-Ages?top_ans=301451218
WikiTree contributors, "Edward (Zouche) la Zouche (1556-1625)," WikiTree: The Free Family Tree, (https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Zouche-192 : accessed 25 February 2023).
2,455 different paths were found between Ярослав and Erik.
Ярослав Владимирович (Ярослав I Мудрой) "Yaroslav the Wise, Yaroslav Vladimirovich the Wise, Grand Prince of Kiev"
WikiTree contributors, "Ярослав Владимирович (Kiev) Рюрикович (0978-1054)," WikiTree: The Free Family Tree, (https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Kiev-19 : accessed 25 February 2023).
673 different paths were found between Malcolm and Erik.
WikiTree contributors, "Malcolm (Dunkeld) King of Scots (abt.1031-1093)," WikiTree: The Free Family Tree, (https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Dunkeld-77 : accessed 25 February 2023).
.......
WikiTree contributors, "John Underhill (abt.1609-1672)," WikiTree: The Free Family Tree, (https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Underhill-12 : accessed 26 July 2023). WikiTree contributors, "Uctred Fritz Dolfin (-aft.1179)," WikiTree: The Free Family Tree, (https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Fritz_Dolfin-1 : accessed 26 July 2023).
WikiTree contributors, "Loveday (Courtney) Paynter (bef.1578-1649)," WikiTree: The Free Family Tree, (https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Courtney-1857 : accessed 26 July 2023).
WikiTree contributors, "David Meriwether (abt.1690-1744)," WikiTree: The Free Family Tree, (https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Meriwether-19 : accessed 26 July 2023).
WikiTree contributors, "Grizel Boyle (abt.1615-abt.1672)," WikiTree: The Free Family Tree, (https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Boyle-208 : accessed 26 July 2023).
WikiTree contributors, "Gospatric (Dunbar) Dunbar First Earl of Dunbar (abt.1040-abt.1074)," WikiTree: The Free Family Tree, (https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Dunbar-27 : accessed 26 July 2023).
WikiTree contributors, "Uctred Fritz Dolfin (-aft.1179)," WikiTree: The Free Family Tree, (https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Fritz_Dolfin-1 : accessed 26 July 2023).
https://en.geneastar.org/genealogy/reeseh/h-b-reese
WikiTree contributors, "Harry Burnett Reese (1879-1956)," WikiTree: The Free Family Tree, (https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Reese-509 : accessed 26 July 2023).
https://www.hersheyland.com/about/history.html
https://hersheyarchives.org/online-resources/encyclopedia/
Notes
The sans-culottes (French: [sɑ̃kylɔt], literally 'without breeches') were the common people of the lower classes in late 18th-century France, a great many of whom became radical and militant partisans of the French Revolution in response to their poor quality of life under the Ancien Régime.[1] The word sans-culotte, which is opposed to "aristocrat", seems to have been used for the first time on 28 February 1791 by Jean-Bernard Gauthier de Murnan in a derogatory sense, speaking about a "sans-culottes army".[2] The word came into vogue during the demonstration of 20 June 1792.[3] https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sans-culottes
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Louis-XVII
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_XVII
https://www.history.com/news/louis-xvii-death-marie-antoinette-french-revolution
https://www.historicmysteries.com/lost-dauphin/
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Wilhelm_Naundorff
Mitochondrial DNA analysis of the putative heart of Louis XVII, son of Louis XVI and Marie-Antoinette https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11313757/
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agathe_de_Rambaud
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermidorian_Reaction
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie-Th%C3%A9r%C3%A8se,_Duchess_of_Angoul%C3%AAme
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walcheren_Campaign
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_III
Mitochondrial DNA Sequences of the Famous Karl Wilhelm Naundorff (1785 ?- 1845) https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_IV
https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/504
.....
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spencer_Perceval
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Bellingham
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arkhangelsk
http://brickcourse.blogspot.com/2012/05/?m=1
WikiTree contributors, "John James Bellingham (abt.1769-1812)," WikiTree: The Free Family Tree, (https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Bellingham-275 : accessed 25 April 2023).
Charlemagne
1
When Charlemagne's successor, his son Louis the Pious, arrived at the imperial court in Aachen, he found that, before he could begin to rule, he had to "chase out that whole female mob, which was very large"--in the words of Louis' biographer. The new king expelled and discredited his sisters and nieces, characterizing them as "whores," unable to deny themselves the satisfaction of "lustful heats of the palace," "seductions of pleasure," and "blandishments of fleshly desire."
It's not clear what happened to all of Charlemagne's daughters and granddaughters--most of them just disappear, probably confined to monastic foundations.
https://www.monstrousregimentofwomen.com/2015/12/a-monstrous-regiment-of-women-in.html?m=1
In a message dated 1/30/2003 salomon.moyal@... writes:
....the FTJP database has a lot of nice valuable information, but just worth a try- type in Charlemagne.... So here the emperor of the roman empire (which included a big part of Germany) was one of the first German Jews....
=That's easy. Charlemagne, as we all know, was born in Germany. The family name was CHARLAP (a family famous for its rabbis and community leaders).
Most of the CHARLAPs lived in the eastern regions but These CHARLAPS however traversed down the Main river and into France and were known as The Charlaps
from the Main, in French, Charles le Main.
If you don't like that explanation, there is a well-known Jewish family named MAGNES. Judah Loeb MAGNES was chancellor and first president of the Hebrew University. One of his ancestors, CHARL (CHAim ben Reb Leo) MAGNES, became the emperor CHARL-MAGNES.
PIPIN is also a Hebrew name: "Cherev Pipiyot" is a two-edged sword. Charlemagne's father, though reputedly short, was as famed for his swordmanship as for his two edged ("forked") tongue. Pipin was king of the Franks--and we all know that FRANK is a Jewish name. I could go on and on.
. . I also have it on good authority that Charlemagne was a direct descendant of King David, and an ancestor of Rashi (but of course).
Anyone who either believes or disbelieves my proffered origins of the founder of the Holy Roman Empire, is invited to dispute my claims, by private email only, please.
Michael Bernet, New York mbernet@... https://groups.jewishgen.org/g/main/topic/german_sig_germany_re/70590900?p=
Gene tests show that two fifths of Ashkenazi Jews are descended from four women https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1336798/
“Herbs are the friend of the physician and the pride of cooks.”
That quotation is attributed to Charlemagne, the king of the Franks, the Lombards, and the Holy Roman Empire. While the quote itself was most likely not actually said by him, Charlemagne was the first leader in medieval Europe to develop the growth of local herbs.
https://m.jpost.com/jerusalem-report/article-726105
2
https://www.wikitree.com/g2g/340448/have-determined-your-linkage-holy-roman-emperor-charlemagne?show=1619231#c1619231 https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Sullivan-20493
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Order_of_the_Band
WikiTree contributors, "Juana Maria (Trujillo) Vigil (abt.1878-1941)," WikiTree: The Free Family Tree, (https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Trujillo-1263 : accessed 07 August 2023).
WikiTree contributors, "Francisco Montes Vigil (abt.1665-1730)," WikiTree: The Free Family Tree, (https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Montes_Vigil-2 : accessed 07 August 2023).
WikiTree contributors, "Εἰρήνη (Angelos) Ἀγγελίνα (abt.1184-1208)," WikiTree: The Free Family Tree, (https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Angelos-10 : accessed 07 August 2023).
WikiTree contributors, "Isaac Angelos (1156-abt.1204)," WikiTree: The Free Family Tree, (https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Angelos-6 : accessed 07 August 2023).
WikiTree contributors, "Anthony Wingfield KG (bef.1488-1552)," WikiTree: The Free Family Tree, (https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Wingfield-104 : accessed 07 August 2023).
WikiTree contributors, "Richard FitzAlan KG (abt.1346-1397)," WikiTree: The Free Family Tree, (https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/FitzAlan-197 : accessed 07 August 2023).
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Field_of_the_Cloth_of_Gold
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Wolsey
General Jewish Related Research
Jewish Surnames
https://avotaynuonline.com/2015/04/a-family-tree-of-scottish-jewry-first-stage-complete/
Farber — painter/dyer; Sandler/Shuster — shoemaker
Other names, chosen or purchased, were combinations with these roots: Blumen (flower), Fein (fine), Gold, Green, Lowen (lion), Rosen (rose), Schoen/Schein (pretty) — combined with berg (hill or mountain), thal (valley), bloom (flower), zweig (wreath), blatt (leaf), vald or wald (woods), feld (field).
Jewish family names from non-Jewish languages included: Sender/Saunders — from Alexander; Kagan — descended from the Khazars, a Turkic-speaking people from Central Asia;
Kelman/Kalman — from the Greek name Kalonymous, the Greek translation of the Hebrew shem tov (good name), popular among Jews in medieval France and Italy; Marcus/Marx — from Latin, referring to the pagan god Mars.
https://www.familysearch.org/en/wiki/Jewish_Personal_Names
7-Up
On October 1929, Charles invented Bib-Label Lithiated Lemon-Lime soda later known as 7 Up.
WikiTree contributors, "Charles Leiper Grigg (1868-1940)," WikiTree: The Free Family Tree, (https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Grigg-918 : accessed 25 February 2023).
WikiTree contributors, "Joseph Berthias Peto (1886-1966)," WikiTree: The Free Family Tree, (https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Peto-58 : accessed 25 February 2023).
Joseph Berthias Peto 1886–1966 • LXSK-6VC https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/vitals/LXSK-6VC
https://www.familysearch.org/tree/pedigree/landscape/LXSK-6VC
WikiTree contributors, "Edward Charles Edmond Barq (1871-1943)," WikiTree: The Free Family Tree, (https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Barq-1 : accessed 25 February 2023).
Edward Charles Edmond Barq Sr. 1871–1943 • LY4T-SJ5 https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/vitals/LY4T-SJ5
https://www.familysearch.org/tree/pedigree/landscape/LY4T-SJ5
His daughter in law, Lillian Adella King 1901–1978 • MMWD-F7Y https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/vitals/MMWD-F7Y
And his granddaughter in law
Lucille Ella Gillich 1925–2014 • G4LJ-D1J https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/vitals/G4LJ-D1J
Should be able to connect to to worldtree via them. Both are cousins to my Doak / Thompson ancestors.
Joseph Karo
Born in Spain in 1488, Joseph Karo moved to Turkey with his family. He became a brilliant Jewish scholar, but, at the same time, became involved in Kabbalah, Jewish mysticism. He met and was strongly influenced by Solomon Alkabetz. Together, they created the ritual of Tikkun Leil Shavuot, the tradition of staying up all night on Shavuot evening. It was during one of these all-night rituals, that Karo was visited for the first time by his maggid, an angel who perched on his shoulder and kissed Jewish law into his mouth. https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/joseph-karo
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jewish_mythology
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tribe_of_Naphtali
NAFTALIAfter the conquest of the country, the tribe of Naftali settled in the north where played a central role among the tribes located there. Naftali is represented by a gazelle or running stag. The biblical phrase on the tab is "Naftali is a hind let loose" (Gen. 49:21). https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/il_tribe.html
The period from Passover to Shavuot is a time of great anticipation. We count each of the days from the second day of Passover to the day before Shavuot, 49 days or 7 full weeks, hence the name of the festival. See The Counting of the Omer. Shavuot is also sometimes known as Pentecost, because it falls on the 50th day. The counting reminds us of the important connection between Passover and Shavuot: Passover freed us physically from bondage, but the giving of the Torah on Shavuot redeemed us spiritually from our bondage to idolatry and immorality. https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/shavu-ot
https://www.chabad.org/library/article_cdo/aid/380611/jewish/Rabbi-Yosef-Joseph-Caro-The-Master.htm
https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/joseph-karo
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Karo
https://www.myjewishlearning.com/article/joseph-caro/
https://mosaicmagazine.com/picks/history-ideas/2023/04/the-black-jewish-messiah-of-the-16th-century/
https://www.nli.org.il/en/a-topic/987007267031305171
https://www.myjewishlearning.com/the-hub/a-black-jewish-messiah-the-travels-of-david-reubeni/
https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/reuveni-david
https://segulamag.com/en/articles/david-ha-reuveni/
Diary of a Black Jewish Messiah
The Sixteenth-Century Journey of David Reubeni through Africa, the Middle East, and Europe ALAN VERSKIN https://www.sup.org/books/title/?id=35612
https://historyprogram.commons.gc.cuny.edu/3-16-a-black-jewish-messiah-the-travels-of-david-reubeni/
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Reubeni
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Reubeni
Judaism, monotheistic religion developed among the ancient Hebrews. Judaism is characterized by a belief in one transcendent God who revealed himself to Abraham, Moses, and the Hebrew prophets and by a religious life in accordance with Scriptures and rabbinic traditions. Judaism is the complex phenomenon of a total way of life for the Jewish people, comprising theology, law, and innumerable cultural traditions. https://www.britannica.com/topic/Judaism
Chess Champions
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Chess_Championship_1886 https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilhelm_Steinitz
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mechanics%27_Institute,_San_Francisco
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes_Zukertort
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johann_L%C3%B6wenthal
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Harrwitz
The Café de la Régence in Paris was an important European centre of chess in the 18th and 19th centuries. All important chess masters of the time played there. https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caf%C3%A9_de_la_R%C3%A9gence
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Morphy
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selim_Franklin
The name is derived from the Arabic word, salima (to be safe). Its Turkish form of Selîm was a very popular choice among the Ottomanian Sultans, being borne by at least three. https://legitimatebabynames.com/2012/02/01/salim/
Selim Franklin (1814, Liverpool - 1884, San Francisco) was an American pioneer, chess master, and Canadian legislator.
Born into an English-Jewish family, he was a son of Lewis Franklin, a Liverpool banker, and Miriam Abraham. He emigrated from England in 1849 to San Francisco for the California Gold Rush. He is listed in the Pioneer Club of San Francisco. Franklin was a President of the California Chess Congress began on March 22, 1858, at the Hall in Hunt's Building, San Francisco (three San Francisco chess clubs joined together to host the Congress: the Mechanic's Institute, the German Chess Club of San Francisco, and the Pioneer Chess Club). He won the tournament and the first prize "of a costly gold watch". [1]
In 1858 he moved to Victoria, British Columbia, with his brother Lumley Franklin and opened the first Real Estate/Auctioneer business. [2] ("See photo of Lumley and Selim Franklin in Victoria".) In 1859 Selim was elected to the Legislature of British Columbia. He achieved the title of Esquire and was a member of the Freemason lodge in Victoria.He returned to San Francisco in 1873 where he died in 1884.
The Franklin River on Vancouver Island is named for him. San Francisco pioneer Edward Franklin is another brother of Selim. Lewis and Maurice Franklin of Old San Diego are first cousins. Selim Maurice Franklin is his nephew.
https://en-academic.com/dic.nsf/enwiki/11131238
https://www.jmaw.org/franklin-jewish-bc-2/
https://www.geni.com/people/Selim-Franklin/6000000035525742163
WikiTree contributors, "Selim Franklin (1814-1884)," WikiTree: The Free Family Tree, (https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Franklin-9749 : accessed 01 July 2023).
https://ancestors.familysearch.org/en/GM7M-7QC/james-ure-young-1907-1983
https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/vitals/GMQY-LFS
http://tartajubow.blogspot.com/2016/04/selim-franklin.html?m=1
https://www.jewage.org/wiki/he/Article:Selim_Franklin_-_Biography
https://www.chessgames.com/perl/chessplayer?pid=123697
https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/114314284/selim-franklin
https://www.geni.com/people/Chaim-Franklin/6000000009397230894?through=6000000009397377737
https://www.geni.com/people/Maurice-Franklin/6000000009397377737
https://sandiegohistory.org/journal/1975/july/franklin/
WikiTree contributors, "Lazarus Franklin (-1845)," WikiTree: The Free Family Tree, (https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Franklin-9748 : accessed 01 July 2023).
WikiTree contributors, "Selim Franklin (1814-1884)," WikiTree: The Free Family Tree, (https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Franklin-9749 : accessed 01 July 2023).
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yerba_Buena,_California
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_San_Francisco
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_the_American_West
Montefiore
https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/the-first-temple-solomon-s-temple https://www.britannica.com/topic/synagogue
https://alban.org/archive/searching-for-the-key-developing-a-theory-of-synagogue-size/
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montefiore_Synagogue
https://jch.history.ox.ac.uk/article/montefiore-estate-ramsgate
https://aish.com/sir-moses-montefiore-a-brief-history/
The extraordinary story of Warder Cresson, a Messianic Quaker who moved to Jerusalem, waged war on Christian organizations and converted to Judaism. https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/2018-05-16/ty-article-magazine/.premium/the-missionary-who-declared-himself-israels-first-u-s-consul/0000017f-ef37-d0f7-a9ff-eff7b87c0000
https://www.foreo.com/mysa/how-alcohol-founded-america/
https://www.npr.org/2021/04/12/985036148/can-americas-civil-religion-still-unite-the-country
The same was true of Truman’s direct predecessor, Franklin Roosevelt, and his successor, Dwight Eisenhower. All three spent almost two decades working with public relations experts and professional propagandists from organizations such as the Advertising Council, Office of War Information, and U.S. Information Agency to explain to Americans that the nation was founded on religious ideals, contrary their godless communist rivals. https://www.tennessean.com/story/opinion/2021/12/06/religion-america-pay-attention-in-god-we-trust/8856231002/
Misc Notes
Chapter Eight The Canary Islands and the Sephardic Atlantic Trade Network (1620–1660)In: Diasporas within a Diaspora Author: Jonathan I. Israel https://brill.com/display/book/9789004500969/B9789004500969_s011.xml
https://www.booksamillion.com/p/Jews-Canary-Islands/Lucien-Wolf/9780802084507?id=8589987708404
https://bneianousim.org/uncategorized/a-crypto-jew-in-the-canary-islands/
https://m.jpost.com/travel/travel-news/response-the-jewish-link-to-the-canaries/amp
https://www.jta.org/2018/01/09/ny/history-amid-the-canaries
WikiTree contributors, "Mariana De Paula (Leal) Dwyer (1809-1867)," WikiTree: The Free Family Tree, (https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Leal-308 : accessed 25 April 2023).
WikiTree contributors, "Anita Leal (Dwyer) Withers (1839-1909)," WikiTree: The Free Family Tree, (https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Dwyer-1153 : accessed 25 April 2023).
WikiTree contributors, "Concepcion (Ramon) Navarro (1829-1910)," WikiTree: The Free Family Tree, (https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Ramon-50 : accessed 25 April 2023).
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_L._Bullis
WikiTree contributors, "John Lapham Bullis (1841-1911)," WikiTree: The Free Family Tree, (https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Bullis-130 : accessed 25 April 2023).
WikiTree contributors, "Josephine (Withers) Bullis (1865-1934)," WikiTree: The Free Family Tree, (https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Withers-1119 : accessed 25 April 2023).
WikiTree contributors, "Maggie (Sutherland) Doak (1880-1961)," WikiTree: The Free Family Tree, (https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Sutherland-7618 : accessed 25 April 2023).
WikiTree contributors, "Louis Chauvin (1678-1769)," WikiTree: The Free Family Tree, (https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Chauvin-329 : accessed 25 April 2023).
WikiTree contributors, "Jean Baptiste LeBleu (bef.1790-1837)," WikiTree: The Free Family Tree, (https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/LeBleu-108 : accessed 25 April 2023).
WikiTree contributors, "Jean-Baptiste Francisco Lafitte (1782-1823)," WikiTree: The Free Family Tree, (https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Lafitte-35 : accessed 25 April 2023).
WikiTree contributors, "James Bowie (1796-1836)," WikiTree: The Free Family Tree, (https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Bowie-279 : accessed 25 April 2023).
WikiTree contributors, "Jose Antonio Baldomero Navarro (1795-1871)," WikiTree: The Free Family Tree, (https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Navarro-350 : accessed 25 April 2023).
https://txnavarr.genealogyvillage.com/biographies/n/navarro_jose_antonio.htm
https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/alamo-family/
https://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/entries/navarro-jose-antonio
https://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/entries/republic-of-texas
https://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/entries/groces-retreat
WikiTree contributors, "Jared Ellison Groce II (1782-abt.1836)," WikiTree: The Free Family Tree, (https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Groce-78 : accessed 25 April 2023).
https://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/entries/old-three-hundred
https://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/entries/curtis-james-sr
WikiTree contributors, "Randolph Columbus Doom (1811-1881)," WikiTree: The Free Family Tree, (https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Doom-171 : accessed 25 April 2023).
https://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/entries/doom-randolph-columbus
https://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/entries/bevilport-tx
https://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/entries/smyth-andrew-farney
https://www.geni.com/people/Samuel-Isaacks/6000000032032935182
WikiTree contributors, "William Coy Jr. (1793-1877)," WikiTree: The Free Family Tree, (https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Coy-362 : accessed 25 April 2023).
William Coy, Jr. her father
→
Samuel Coy his brother
→
Mary 'Polly' Coy his ex-wife
→
William Sebastian her father
→
Sarah (Isaacs) Sebastian his mother
→
Brigadier General Elijah Isaacs her brother
→
Samuel Elijah Isaacs his son
→
Elijah Isaacks, II his son
→
Samuel Myer Isaacks his son
https://www.oocities.org/astromood/ISAACKSc.html
SETTLEMENT OF THE JEWS IN TEXAS
Henry Cohen https://www.jstor.org/stable/43057419
Samuel Isaacks
Male21 April 1804–1878 •KV2G-7TX https://ancestors.familysearch.org/en/KV2G-7TX/samuel-isaacks-1804-1878
https://www.genealogy.com/forum/surnames/topics/isaacs/676/
https://woodsedgeestates.org/history/
http://isaacsinthehouse.blogspot.com/2010/01/this-man-samuel-isaacs.html?m=1
https://jhvonline.com/how-jews-shaped-texas-notable-jewish-texans-p27344-90.htm
https://forward.com/culture/539254/chaim-topol-tevye-fiddler-on-the-roof-movie-musical/?amp=1
Notwithstanding the provisions of sections 106 and 106A, the fair use of a copyrighted work, including such use by reproduction in copies or phonorecords or by any other means specified by that section, for purposes such as criticism, comment, news reporting, teaching (including multiple copies for classroom use), scholarship, or research, is not an infringement of copyright. In determining whether the use made of a work in any particular case is a fair use the factors to be considered shall include— https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/17/107
https://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/entries/childress-george-campbell
https://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/entries/burnet-david-gouverneur
https://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/entries/huguenot-society-of-texas
https://www.huguenotsofspitalfields.org/famous-huguenots/
https://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/entries/zavala-lorenzo-de
WikiTree contributors, "Edward Dwyer Sr. (abt.1809-1854)," WikiTree: The Free Family Tree, (https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Dwyer-1152 : accessed 24 April 2023).
https://www.geni.com/people/Mariana-de-Paula-Dwyer/6000000008167809288
WikiTree contributors, "Francisco Rafael Leal (1759-1806)," WikiTree: The Free Family Tree, (https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Leal-338 : accessed 24 April 2023).
https://humansofjudaism.com/humansofjudaism/victory
https://www.jewishpartisancommunity.org/partisans/isidore-karten/
https://www.jewishpartisancommunity.org/partisans/julia-karten-grossberg/
Canary Islands: Crypto-Jewish history http://tracingthetribe.blogspot.com/2009/12/canary-islands-crypto-jewish-history.html?m=1
usa crypto jew circumcision
Search term: usa crypto jew circumcision
https://www.jta.org/2009/05/18/lifestyle/so-you-think-youre-a-crypto-jew
https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/hidden-history/
“Offering Incense to Heaven”: Jewish Circumcision in Medieval and Early Modern Europe Get access Leonard B. Glick https://academic.oup.com/book/26443/chapter-abstract/194856010?redirectedFrom=fulltext
Five. Crypto- Jewish PracticeMemory and BricolageFrom the book Juggling Identities https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.7312/kuni14218-006/pdf
https://kulanu.org/communities/brazil/finding-lost-brothers-sisters-crypto-jews-brazil/
https://www.commentary.org/articles/erich-isaac-2/the-enigma-of-circumcision/
Circumcision: a religious obligation or ‘the cruellest of cuts’? https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2801794/
......
https://www.tabletmag.com/sections/arts-letters/articles/crypto-jewish-diaries-mexico-city
.....
Fielding Isaacs and Susan Bowman https://www.janstree.com/isaacs/biographies/LinkFieldingIsaacs.htm
1836).Gaspar Flores de Abrego, land commissioner and ally of the Austin colonists, was born in San Antonio de Béxar on January 5, 1781 https://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/entries/flores-de-abrego-jose-gaspar-maria
Jasper Isaacs was born 6 October 1844. He served in the Civil War in Co. D 7th KY Infantry https://www.janstree.com/isaacs/biographies/LinkFieldingIsaacs.htm
https://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/entries/bastrop-baron-de
https://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/entries/martinez-antonio-maria
https://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/entries/martinez-antonio-maria
https://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/entries/austin-moses
WikiTree contributors, "Moses Austin (1761-1821)," WikiTree: The Free Family Tree, (https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Austin-1001 : accessed 24 April 2023).
https://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/entries/austin-stephen-fuller
https://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/entries/groce-jared-ellison
WikiTree contributors, "Jared Ellison Groce II (1782-abt.1836)," WikiTree: The Free Family Tree, (https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Groce-78 : accessed 24 April 2023).
https://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/entries/bernardo-plantation
https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/55637903/jared-ellison-groce
Notes
https://www.churchofjesuschrist.org/study/new-era/2006/12/mary-and-joseph?lang=eng https://www.commentary.org/articles/will-herberg/from-marxism-to-judaism/
A Companion to Medieval and Early Modern Confraternities https://brill.com/display/book/edcoll/9789004392915/BP000019.xml
Approaching the Jewish Diaspora
Most analyses of diaspora phenomena focus on the diaspora group as a sociological category, whether it is considered an ethnic group, a religious group, or both. Political analyses of this sociological phenomenon will go a step further to examine the impact of this sociological category on the host societies in which the diaspora group finds itself. These are certainly important dimensions of the diaspora experience for Jews as well as for every other group. Jewish self-preservation through religious and cultural differentiation and endogamy are without doubt worthy of examination from a sociological perspective.
https://www.jcpa.org/dje/articles2/classicdias.htm
The Origins of Jewish Political Economy, 1648–1848 https://academic.oup.com/california-scholarship-online/book/35529/chapter/305697171
The Origins of Jewish Political Economy https://www.jstor.org/stable/4467503
corporatism, Theory and practice of organizing the whole of society into corporate entities subordinate to the state. https://www.britannica.com/topic/corporatism
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brit_HaBirionim
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sicarii
The Birth of an Anti-Jewish Anti-Capitalism https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1467-8675.2009.00567.x
Search term "corporatism is judaism"
John Harvey Kellogg and his younger brother Will Keith Kellogg. https://brewminate.com/the-kellogg-brothers-breakfast-and-religion/
WikiTree contributors, "Charles William Post (1854-1914)," WikiTree: The Free Family Tree, (https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Post-925 : accessed 24 April 2023).
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/C._W._Post
https://www.jewishbookcouncil.org/book/the-kelloggs
WikiTree contributors, "Lewis Albert Sayre (1820-1900)," WikiTree: The Free Family Tree, (https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Sayre-751 : accessed 24 April 2023).
Sayre family; lineage of Thomas Sayre, a founder of Southampton https://archive.org/details/sayrefamilylinea01bant/mode/1up
WikiTree contributors, "Gersham (Colver) Culver (bef.1648-1717)," WikiTree: The Free Family Tree, (https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Colver-14 : accessed 24 April 2023).
WikiTree contributors, "Damaris (Foster) Culver (1684-1700)," WikiTree: The Free Family Tree, (https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Foster-3280 : accessed 24 April 2023).
WikiTree contributors, "Edward Nathan Foster (1852-1918)," WikiTree: The Free Family Tree, (https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Foster-31940 : accessed 24 April 2023).
https://www.familysearch.org/tree/pedigree/landscape/L29Q-HZ6
https://www.geni.com/people/Hosea-Blinn/6000000018115100238?through=6000000001548231070
Lewis Albert Sayre (February 29, 1820 – September 21, 1900) was a leading American orthopedic surgeon of the 19th century. He performed the first operation to cure hip-joint ankylosis, introduced the method of suspending the patient followed by wrapping the body to correct spine distortions, and popularized circumcision in the United States.[1] https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lewis_Sayre
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Will_Keith_Kellogg
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Race_Betterment_Foundation
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religious_liberalism
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religious_liberalism
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicene_Creed
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Harvey_Kellogg
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homer_Davenport
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Will_Keith_Kellogg
https://www.wkkf.org/who-we-are/history-legacy/
https://ancestors.familysearch.org/en/KN73-CN4/caleb-masterson-1796-1871
WikiTree contributors, "Caleb Masterson (1796-1870)," WikiTree: The Free Family Tree, (https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Masterson-1339 : accessed 24 April 2023).
Needs his wife added to WT check above FS profile.
WikiTree contributors, "Sophia (Kosow) Sidney (1910-1999)," WikiTree: The Free Family Tree, (https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Kosow-1 : accessed 24 April 2023).
WikiTree contributors, "Stella Adler (1901-1992)," WikiTree: The Free Family Tree, (https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Adler-677 : accessed 24 April 2023).
https://www.geni.com/people/Pvt-Christopher-Demuth/6000000109813487926
American Jews with Czechoslovak Roots
by Jr Miloslav Rechcigl
Czechmate. From Bohemian Paradise to American Haven. A Personal Memoir
Mila Rechcigl https://www.academia.edu/11523920/Czechmate_From_Bohemian_Paradise_to_American_Haven_A_Personal_Memoir
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mila_Rechcigl
The Bohemian or Czech Jews who immigrated to America represent a terra incognita. Relatively little is known and relatively little has been written, with the exception of Guido Kisch’s now classical monograph, In Search of Freedom,[3] written in 1949, which dealt primarily with the emigrants from the Czech Lands around the year 1848; and my own study, which focused on the earliest arriving Bohemian Jewish pioneers in America. [4]
Identification of Bohemian Jews
One of the difficulties has been to identify who is Jewish, since most of them came to America when the Czech Lands were part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. German being the official language of the land, it is altogether not surprising, that being enterprising, they easily mixed with the German element, and as such, were a priori considered Germans or Austrians, or even Hungarians. This was true even though they had a separate identity and established their own culture. They were not Germans, they were Bohemian Jews. After the Czechoslovak Republic was established, many of these Jews identified themselves as Czechs Jews, having learned the Czech language and becoming a part of the Czech cultural milieu.
https://www.jewishgen.org/austriaczech/MilaRechcigl.html
Notes
.....
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_Sanhedrin
https://www.jewishhistory.org/napoleons-sanhedrin/
WikiTree contributors, "Shneur Zalman Fradkin (1830-1902)," WikiTree: The Free Family Tree, (https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Fradkin-10 : accessed 19 April 2023).
WikiTree contributors, "Shneur Zalman Borukhovich (1745-1812)," WikiTree: The Free Family Tree, (https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Borukhovich-1 : accessed 19 April 2023).
https://www.lubavitch.com/revisiting-r-schneur-zalman-the-alter-rebbe/
https://www.chabad.org/library/article_cdo/aid/110437/jewish/The-Alter-Rebbe.htm
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shneur_Zalman_of_Liadi
https://www.geni.com/people/Rabbi-Shneur-Zalman-of-Liadi/6000000070861314855
For the Alter Rebbe, a devoted lover of his people, there could be no excuse to support a man, and through him a Revolution, whose legitimacy and powerbase was rooted in a denial of the divine. https://www.tabletmag.com/sections/news/articles/hasidic-rebbe-who-helped-defeat-napoleon
When the emperor was poised to invade Russia, many prominent rabbis prayed for his victory, seeing French rule as clearly more beneficent than that of the tsars. But Shneyer Zalman of Liadi, the founder of the Chabad-Lubavitch branch of the ḥasidic movement, disagreed. https://mosaicmagazine.com/picks/history-ideas/2021/09/the-rabbinic-debate-over-napoleon/
WikiTree contributors, "Louis Lucien Bonaparte (1813-1891)," WikiTree: The Free Family Tree, (https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Bonaparte-13 : accessed 19 April 2023).
WikiTree contributors, "Louis Clavering Clovis Bonaparte (abt.1859-1894)," WikiTree: The Free Family Tree, (https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Bonaparte-12 : accessed 19 April 2023).
WikiTree contributors, "Napoleone Bonaparte (1769-1821)," WikiTree: The Free Family Tree, (https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Bonaparte-1 : accessed 19 April 2023).
WikiTree contributors, "Jean-François Descôteaux (1764-1844)," WikiTree: The Free Family Tree, (https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Descôteaux-36 : accessed 19 April 2023).
https://www.geni.com/people/Ralfe-Bostock/6000000007605889707?through=6000000006597521186
https://www.geni.com/people/Fran%C3%A7ois-L%C3%A9febvre-dit-Desc%C3%B4teaux/6000000006597521186
WikiTree contributors, "Jean-François Descôteaux (1764-1844)," WikiTree: The Free Family Tree, (https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Descôteaux-36 : accessed 19 April 2023).
WikiTree contributors, "Marie Laurence Charlotte Louise Alexandrine (Bleschamp) de Bleschamp (1778-1855)," WikiTree: The Free Family Tree, (https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Bleschamp-1 : accessed 19 April 2023).
WikiTree contributors, "Louis Lucien Bonaparte (1813-1891)," WikiTree: The Free Family Tree, (https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Bonaparte-13 : accessed 19 April 2023).
WikiTree contributors, "Valentine Clavering (Gerald) Clovis (1883-1979)," WikiTree: The Free Family Tree, (https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Gerald-172 : accessed 19 April 2023).
Towards a Full-Length Y-Chromosome DNA Sequence of Napoléon the First: Beyond the E-M34 SNP Sub- Haplogroup https://austinpublishinggroup.com/genetics-genomic-research/fulltext/ajggr-v2-id1015.php
WikiTree contributors, "Luciano Bonaparte (1775-1840)," WikiTree: The Free Family Tree, (https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Bonaparte-14 : accessed 19 April 2023).
https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Clovis-20
https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Clovis-19
E-BY36877
WikiTree contributors, "Joseph Napoléon (Buonaparte) Bonaparte (1768-1844)," WikiTree: The Free Family Tree, (https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Buonaparte-28 : accessed 19 April 2023).
WikiTree contributors, "Zebulon Howell Benton (1811-1893)," WikiTree: The Free Family Tree, (https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Benton-1403 : accessed 19 April 2023).
WikiTree contributors, "Napoleone Bonaparte (1769-1821)," WikiTree: The Free Family Tree, (https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Bonaparte-1 : accessed 19 April 2023).
https://www.britannica.com/event/Coup-of-18-19-Brumaire
https://forward.com/culture/319002/the-secret-jewish-history-of-napoleon-bonaparte/?amp=1
https://judaic.arizona.edu/user/deborah-kaye
https://www.commentary.org/articles/joseph-epstein/god-literature-chekhov/
https://www.wikitree.com/genealogy/HERBERG
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Will_Herberg
https://www.commentary.org/author/will-herberg/
JANUARY 1947 JUDAISM
From Marxism to Judaism
Until nine or ten years ago, I was a thoroughgoing Marxist.
by Will Herberg
https://www.commentary.org/articles/will-herberg/from-marxism-to-judaism/
Notes
The population genetics of the Jewish people.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3543766/
https://www.myjewishlearning.com/2014/12/01/why-are-we-called-the-children-of-israel-and-not-jacob/
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yiddish_theatre
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manicouagan_Reservoir
Notes
History of the Atlantic Cable & Undersea Communications from the first submarine cable of 1850 to the worldwide fiber optic network
Cable Projectors: Horatio Hubbell by Bill Burns https://atlantic-cable.com/Article/Hubbell/index.html
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaac_Leeser
https://www.geni.com/people/Isaac-Leeser/6000000017231112506
WikiTree contributors, "Isaac Nunez Cardozo (1793-1855)," WikiTree: The Free Family Tree, (https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Cardozo-67 : accessed 13 July 2023).
https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/warder-cresson
https://www.kestenbaum.net/auction/lot/auction-64/064-025/
https://www.geni.com/people/William-Clayton-III/6000000007602432270?through=6000000017231112506
https://www.geni.com/people/Mordecai-Noah/6000000016205778968
WikiTree contributors, "Mordecai Manuel Noah (1785-1851)," WikiTree: The Free Family Tree, (https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Noah-561 : accessed 13 July 2023).
https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/mordecai-manuel-noah
Mordecai Manuel Noah was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, on July 19, 1785 to Manuel Noah, a Revolutionary war hero and Zipporah Phillips a descendent of Dr. Samuel Nunez, who had fled the Inquisition and settled in Georgia in 1732. He grew up in his grandfather’s house in Philadelphia immersed in American culture and education. After the death of his mother, he was sent to a relative in South Carolina and eventually became involved in journalism, law and politics. He subsequently served as Surveyor of the Port of New York and as a judge. In 1813, he was nominated by President James Madison, as the Consul to the Kingdom of Tunis. https://jewishbuffalohistory.org/a-z/noah-mordecai-manuel/
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mordecai_Manuel_Noah
https://www.geni.com/people/Warder-Cresson/6000000088587201844
https://www.geni.com/people/Thomas-Livezey/6000000006598726386?through=6000000088587201844
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warder_Cresson
https://www.vaildaily.com/opinion/robbins-freedom-of-worship-and-the-strange-case-of-warder-cresson/
http://www.jewishmag.com/93mag/usa-warder/usa-warder.htm
https://www.kestenbaum.net/auction/lot/Auction-96/096-108/
http://www.theoccident.com/Cresson/keydavid.html
https://seforimblog.com/2014/02/rabbi-jacob-ettlinger-and-warder-cresson/
https://journals.psu.edu/pmhb/article/view/42734
Isaac Leeser (1806-1868) was born in the Germanic kingdom of Westphalia. Growing up, he received both a religious Jewish education, as well as a secular German one, and was fluent in Latin, German, and Hebrew.
Words of the Week
Just as the olive yields oil for light only when it is pounded, so are man’s greatest potentials realized only under the pressure of adversity. – The Talmud
https://www.jewoftheweek.net/2016/11/
https://www.friendsjournal.org/legacy/abington/gwynedd/evans6.htm
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Nayler
https://universalistfriends.org/xuf045.html
Natural History and Improvement: The Case of Tobacco https://academic.oup.com/book/5495/chapter-abstract/148405158?redirectedFrom=fulltext
https://www.geni.com/people/Joshua-Gee/6000000000996334151
https://www.history.com/news/dr-john-kellogg-cereal-wellness-wacky-sanitarium-treatments
The Quakers and Emigration From Ireland to the North American Colonies https://www.jstor.org/stable/41947114
The Barbary Captivity Narrative in Early America https://www.jstor.org/stable/25057010
Sabbatai Zevi https://www.pepysdiary.com/encyclopedia/9705/
It’s Been 350 Years since a Jewish Self-Proclaimed Messiah Converted to Islam https://historynewsnetwork.org/article/163793
Peaceable Kingdom https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/11081
https://www.quakersintheworld.org/quakers-in-action/109/James-Nayler
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romaniote_Jews
https://aish.com/warder-cresson-was-accused-of-being-insane-for-converting-to-judaism/
https://ancestors.familysearch.org/en/LR5T-K92/george-warder-cresson-1885-1947
Grateful Dead Related Research
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Gans_(musician) https://www.gratefulweb.com/articles/grateful-web-interview-david-gans-2022
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Lemieux_(archivist)
https://www.dead.net/show/december-15-1986
https://archive.org/details/gd86-12-15.sbd.kpfa.19600.sbeok.shnf
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/In_the_Dark_(Grateful_Dead_album)
http://artsites.ucsc.edu/gdead/agdl/stiller.html
http://artsites.ucsc.edu/gdead/agdl/bmr.html
https://www.dead.net/song/black-muddy-river
WikiTree contributors, "Robert Christie (Burns) Hunter (1941-2019)," WikiTree: The Free Family Tree, (https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Burns-11809 : accessed 10 July 2023). https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/205583338/robert-christie-hunter
https://www.geni.com/people/Robert-Hunter/6000000107632214889
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Hunter_(lyricist)
Sunshine Kesey https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Kesey-4
Carolyn (Adams) Garcia https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Adams-21103
Bob Weir https://ethnicelebs.com/bob-weir
https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-news/bob-weir-friend-of-the-devil-233694/amp/
https://danclend.medium.com/the-other-one-the-long-strange-trip-of-bob-weir-ac2aa62228ce
https://www.geni.com/people/Bob-Weir/6000000034749065829
https://www.geni.com/people/Jack-Parber/6000000034748567167?through=6000000034748596275
https://www.geni.com/people/James-Parber/6000000034748596275?through=6000000034749698309
https://www.geni.com/people/Canio-Benvenuto/6000000034749698309
https://www.gratefulweb.com/articles/bob-weir-oakland-ca-10816-review
https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/156392698/frederick-utter-weir
WikiTree contributors, "Frederick Utter Weir (1908-)," WikiTree: The Free Family Tree, (https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Weir-2881 : accessed 17 July 2023).
https://www.geni.com/people/Frederick-Weir/6000000034748779087?through=6000000034749065829
https://gw.geneanet.org/tdowling?lang=en&n=weir&oc=0&p=robert+hall
https://en.geneastar.org/genealogy/weirr/bob-weir
WikiTree contributors, "John Perry Barlow (1947-2018)," WikiTree: The Free Family Tree, (https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Barlow-3110 : accessed 17 July 2023).
Family Friends Research Notes
John Moore
John Moore is 21 Degrees from Erik Granstrom https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Moore-42763
https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/L16B-2YB
Via
WikiTree contributors, "Aurelius Mason (1799-1890)," WikiTree: The Free Family Tree, (https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Mason-261 : accessed 06 March 2023).
WikiTree contributors, "Moses Palmer (1757-1840)," WikiTree: The Free Family Tree, (https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Palmer-16674 : accessed 06 March 2023).
WikiTree contributors, "Abraham Palmer (1771-1852)," WikiTree: The Free Family Tree, (https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Palmer-239 : accessed 06 March 2023).
130 common ancestors were found between John and Erik
WikiTree contributors, "Niall Noígíallach mac Eochaid (abt.0360-0452)," WikiTree: The Free Family Tree, (https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Mac_Eochaid-15 : accessed 06 March 2023).
5,720 different paths were found between Niall Noígíallach and Erik.
WikiTree contributors, "Clovis Hlodowig (Merovingian) Franken (0466-0511)," WikiTree: The Free Family Tree, (https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Merovingian-50 : accessed 06 March 2023).
At least 100,000 different paths were found between Clovis and Erik.
Unsorted Research
Anchor Brewing Company
Frederick Louis "Fritz" Maytag III (born December 9, 1937 in Newton, Iowa) is the former owner of Anchor Brewing Company in San Francisco and is Chairman of the Board of the Maytag Dairy Farms (maker of Maytag Blue cheese). He is also the owner of York Creek Vineyards in St. Helena, California. His revival of Anchor Steam beer inspired many other brewers to follow, and he is often considered the father of modern microbreweries.[1 https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fritz_Maytag
His father:
WikiTree contributors, "Frederick Louis Maytag II (1911-1962)," WikiTree: The Free Family Tree, (https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Maytag-5 : accessed 13 July 2023).
WikiTree contributors, "Elmer Henry Maytag (1883-1940)," WikiTree: The Free Family Tree, (https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Maytag-4 : accessed 13 July 2023).
WikiTree contributors, "Frederick Louis Maytag (1857-1937)," WikiTree: The Free Family Tree, (https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Maytag-3 : accessed 13 July 2023).
https://www.geni.com/people/F-L-Maytag/6000000017926104031
https://www.geni.com/people/Frederick-Maytag-III/6000000017945299967?through=6000000017936616418
https://www.geni.com/people/Elmer-Maytag/6000000017936616418
https://www.geni.com/people/Frederick-Maytag-III/6000000017945299967
https://www.barleycorndrinks.com/whiskey-rebels-part-ii-crafts-original-gangster-fritz-maytag/
https://www.cnbc.com/amp/2015/07/31/how-anchor-brewing-changed-the-beer-business.html
https://allaboutbeer.net/article/fritz-maytag-father-of-the-craft-beer-revolution/
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