Marie Bernard (abt. 1645 - 1719)

Born about 1645 in Acadie, Nouvelle-France [uncertain]

Ancestors

Daughter of Charles Bernard [uncertain] and Andrée Guyon

Wife of René Landry — married about 1659 in France [uncertain]

Descendants

Died 10 Jan 1719 at about age 74 in Annapolis Royal, Acadie, Colony of Nova Scotia

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Biography

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Marie Bernard is an ancestral matriarch of one line of the Acadian Landry family.

Marie Bernard was born about 1645.^[1] Stephen White does not give a location for her birth. Several researchers believe she was born in Acadia.^[2][3][4]

Her father's first name was unknown but she used the surname Bernard as shown in the censuses and her burial record.^[1] However, recent research seems to show that his name was possibly Charles and that he married Andrée Guyon on 25 September 1639 at La Rochelle, (St-Jean-du-Pérot), France.^[5][4][6][7]

Marie (13) married René Landry (24) (born about 1634 in France and whose parents are unknown) in 1659 in France.^[1] Once again, Stephen White does not give a location for their marriage. According to the depositions of her descendants at Belle-Isle-en-Mer, Marie came from France with her husband René, which seems to imply that they were married in France. However, White explains that "one should not necessarily interpret this as meaning that the two came together, and at the same time."^[8] Also, Bona Arsenault assumed that Marie's father was André Bernard (since then disproven) and that Marie could have married René during her father's stay in France.^[2]

Their known children were:

1. Antoine Landry (1660–bef. 1711) .
2. Claude Landry (1663–1747) .
3. Cécile Landry (1664–abt. 1741) .
4. Jean Landry (1666–1753) .
5. René Landry (1668–aft. 1740) .
6. Marie Landry (abt. 1670–1746) .
7. Marguerite Landry (1672–aft. 1714) .
8. Germain Landry (abt. 1674–aft. 1724) .
9. Jeanne Landry (1676–1710) .
10. Abraham Landry (abt. 1678–abt. 1740) .
11. Pierre Landry (abt. 1680–aft. 1731) .
12. Catherine Landry (abt. 1682–abt. 1754) .
13. Anne Landry (abt. 1684–abt. 1754) .
14. Charles Landry (abt. 1688–1727) .
15. Isabelle Landry (abt. 1690– )

René and Marie were found at Port-Royal, Acadia (Annapolis Royal, Nova Scotia, Canada) in 1678. At that time, they had four boys and six girls.^[9]

In 1686 at Port Royal, Marie BERNARD, aged 42, was living with her husband, Rene LANDRY, aged 52, and their growing family of 12 children: Claude, aged 23, Cecile, aged 22, Jean, aged 20, Rene, aged 18, Marie, aged 16, Marguerite, aged 14, Germain, aged 12, Jeanne, aged 10, Abraham, aged 8, Pierre, aged 6, Catherine, aged 4, and Anne, aged 2. Their farm consisted of 10 arpents of cultivable land, 16 cattle, and 20 sheep. They owned 1 gun.^[10]

Within four years, the family's relative peace was shattered by King William's War (1689-1697) with France and the subsequent English capture of Port Royal in 1690 (see Timeline).

Dunn described the feelings of the residents during this unsettling time:

"Throughout this period of nominal English rule, French and English vessels anchored at Port-Royal at will, contributing to a sense of unease among the residents. New England vessels came to trade, to check on the inhabitants, and to take French prizes. When the English were not around, French privateers operated out of the port, attracting local young men as crew with the promise of plunder, and outfitting the ships from local suppliers... Port-Royal residents did not always appreciate the presence of the French privateers."^[11]

By 1693, the family was complete, with the youngest child born in about 1690 and Marie Bernard now a widow at age 48. They have 25 cattle, 40 sheep, 14 hogs, 30 arpents, and 2 guns.^[12]René died in his late fifties before the 1693 Census at Port-Royal.^[1]

Marie never remarried and continued to raise her children and tend the family farm, as shown in the subsequent censuses in 1698^[13] and 1700.^[14]

In 1707, Marie was living at Les Mines. All the children had left the family home except for one boy.^[15] By 1714, Marie was back in Port-Royal and living alone. Her son, Charles, lived nearby.^[16]

Marie Bernard, widow of Rene Landry, passed away in Jan 1719, (aged about 74 years) and was buried on11 January 1719 at Annapolis Royal Acadia.^[17][18]

DNA

Marie Bernard's mother was Andrée Guyon. The Mothers of Acadia Maternal DNA project is conducting ongoing research to verify their origins. In 2010, Stephen White reported that Andrée Guyon had a T2 haplogroup. I don't know the details re how many of her descendants were tested to support this report. Lucie Leblanc Constantino reported 3 test results and maternal family trees here. Ongoing test results are also reported here. As of May 2014, 5 of 5 descendants have reported a T2 haplogroup, indicating European origins.

Sources

1. ↑ ^{1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3} White, Stephen A. Patrice Gallant, and Hector-J Hébert, Dictionnaire généalogique des familles acadiennes (Moncton, N.-B.: Centre d'études acadiennes, Université de Moncton, 1999) p. 125 (Bernard), 916-918 (Landry)

   :Note de S. A. White Certains auteurs ont prétendu qu'André Bernard serait le père de Marie et de Jeanne Bernard. Nous croyons bien que, après les événements qui ont suivi la reddition du fort St.-Jean, il est fort improbable qu'André Bernard soit resté en Acadie pour y faire souche. (Translation: Some authors have argued that André Bernard would be the father of Marie and of Jeanne Bernard. We believe, though, that after the events following the surrender of Fort St.-Jean, it is highly unlikely that André Bernard remained in Acadia.)

2. ↑ ^{2.0 2.1} Karen Theriot Reader Page for Marie Bernard citing Histoire et Généalogie des Acadiens - Bona Arsenault - Montreal: Lemeac, 1978, 6 vols. - Vols. 2-6 contain genealogies by area, paged continuously. - p. 429 (Port Royal) -

   Marie BERNARD, born 1645, would have married René LANDRY during her father's stay in France. [Arsenault assumed her father was André Bernard.]

3. ↑ Marcel Walter Landry Page for Marie Bernard at Généalogie des Landry à travers le monde, accessed October 2020
4. ↑ ^{4.0 4.1} Denis J. Savard Page for Charles Bernard at Famille Bernard-Guyon; Charles Bernard, l'Acadien oublié, accessed October 2020
5. ↑ Marcel Walter Landry Andrée Guyon, belle-mère de René le cadet Landry 1620-1693 at Généalogie des Landry à travers le monde, accessed October 2020
6. ↑ (Fichier Origine for Guyon Chiasson, husband of Jeanne Bernard, Marie's sister. In Fichier Jeanne's father is named Charles Bernard) "Quebec, Quebec Federation of Genealogical Societies, Family Origins, 1621-1865," database, record id: 280101 CHIASSON / LAVALLÉE, Guyon accessed November 2020
7. ↑ Savard, Denis. "Racines acadiennes - Bernard: l'époux d'Andrée Guyon a-t-il été retrouvé?" Acadie Nouvelle, 13 décembre 2015. https://www.acadienouvelle.com/chroniques/2015/12/06/bernard-lepoux-dandree-guyon-a-t-il-ete-retrouve/
8. ↑ White, Stephen A. Origins of the Pioneers of Acadia, According to the Depositions made by Their Descendants at Belle-Ile-en-Mer in 1767 English Translation, Publication: University of Moncton, Centre d'études acadiennes; Online
9. ↑ Tim Hebert; 1678 Port Royal Acadian Census noting that the correlations for this census were done by Rev. Clarence J. d'Entremont, Fairhaven, Massachusetts.1678 Census

   vRene Landry & Marie Bernard 20 cattle & 12 acres, 4 boys, 6 girls the youngest Jeanne born in either 1676 or 1677.

10. ↑ Tim Hebert; Transcription of the 1686 Acadian Census, at Port-Royal, Acadie 1686 Census Transcribed. The original census can be found at Acadian Census microfilm C-2572 of the National Archives of Canada “Acadie Recensements 1671 – 1752,” Images 15-60;

    at Port Royal: Rene LANDRY 52, Marie BERNARD 42; children: Claude 23, Jean 20, Rene 18, Germain 12, Abraham 8. Pierre 6, Cecile 22, Marie 16, Marguerite 14, Jeanne 10, Catherine 4, Anne 2; 2 guns, 10 arpents, 16 cattle, 20 sheep.

11. ↑ Dunn, Brenda. A History of Port Royal / Annapolis Royal 1605-1800. Nimbus Publishing, p 38 (Phipps captures PR); p 39 (Peacekeeping Council includes Danel Leblanc and Rene Landry); p 41,43 (Nominal English Rule, 1693 PR raid).
12. ↑ Tim Hebert; Transcription of the 1693 Acadian Census, at Port-Royal, Acadie 1693 Census Transcribed. The original census can be found at Acadian Census microfilm C-2572 of the National Archives of Canada “Acadie Recensements 1671 – 1752,” Images 62-108;

    Marie BERNARD (widow of Rene LANDRY) 48, Germain 19, Jeanne 17, Abraham 15Pierre 13, Catherine 11, Isabel 3, Rene LANDRY, Anne TERIOT (his wife) 20, Marie 1; 25 cattle, 40 sheep, 14 pigs, 30 arpents, 2 guns

13. ↑ Tim Hebert; Transcription of the 1698 Acadian Census at Port-Royal, Acadie1698 Census Transcribed. The original census can be found at Acadian Census microfilm C-2572 of the National Archives of Canada “Acadie Recensements 1671 – 1752,” Images 110-150;

    Marie BERNARD, widow (of Rene LANDRY); Abraham 20; Pierre 19; Catherine 16; Anne 14; Charles 10; 14 cattle, 18 sheep, 10 hogs, 32 arpents,

14. ↑ Tim Hebert; Transcription of the 1700 Acadian Census at Port-Royal, Acadie 1700 Census Transcribed. The original census can be found at Acadian Census microfilm C-2572 of the National Archives of Canada “Acadie Recensements 1671 – 1752”, Images 151-173.

    (note: Germain and Jeanne were listed in their mother's household even though they were already married) Marie BERNARD, widow of Abraham (sic) LANDRY, 55; Germain 26; Abraham 24; Pierre 20; Jeanne 23; Catherine 18; Elisabeth 10; 23 cattle, 38 sheep, 30 arpents, 2 guns.

15. ↑ Tim Hebert; Transcription of the 1707 Acadian Census at Port-Royal, Acadie 1707 Census Transcription. The original census can be found at Acadian Census microfilm C-2572 of the National Archives of Canada “Acadie Recensements 1671 – 1752,” Images 221-237;

    at Les Mines: Marie BERNARD, widow, 1 boy 14 or older.

16. ↑ Tim Hebert; Transcription of the 1714 Acadian Census at Port-Royal, Acadie 1714 Census Transcription. The original census can be found at Acadian Census microfilm C-2572 of the National Archives of Canada “Acadie Recensements 1671 – 1752”, Images 239-261.

    at Port-Royal : Widow BERNARD.

17. ↑ Library and Archives Canada, Fonds de la paroisse catholique Saint-Jean-Baptiste (Port-Royal, N.-É.)-1870 C-1870 (image 207) https://heritage.canadiana.ca/view/oocihm.lac_reel_c1870/207?r=0&s=5
18. ↑ The Registers of St. Jean-Baptiste, Annapolis Royal, 1702-1755, register RG 1 volume 26 page 362; online database with images, Marie Bernard Burial, 11 January 1719, accessed October 2020.

• Savard, Denis, Administrator, Mothers of Acadia mtDNA Project reports mtDNA Test Results (Accessed 30 Mar 2024), Kits: tester1 1012632 tester2 406832. EKA: Andree Guyon - Spouse of Charles Bernard. Haplogroup: T2c1d-T152C!.
• Savard, Denis, Administrator, Mothers of Acadia mtDNA Project reports this diagram depicting matrilineal descent, from the Mothers of Acadia DNA Project for more information.

DNA Confirmations

• mtDNA Tester John Stephen Parker is a grandchild of Dora Jackson who is an 8x ggd of Andree Guyon through daughter Marie Bernard (abt.1645-abt.1719).
• mtDNA Tester Annette Fagnan Hebert-Autio is a grandchild of Ursule Martin who is a 7x ggd of Andree Guyon through daughter Jeanne Bernard (abt.1646-abt.1683).
• Maternal relationship is confirmed through Mitochondrial DNA test results on Family Tree DNA. John Stephen Parker FTDNA kit # 1012632, (a grandchild of Dora Jackson) and his maternal line cousin Annette Fagnan Hebert-Autio FTDNA kit # 406832, (a grandchild of Ursule Martin) have a Genetic Distance = 1 in HVR2 at C324T, thereby confirming their direct maternal lines back to their most-recent common ancestor who is Andree Guyon the 8x great grandmother of Dora Jackson and the 7x great grandmother of Ursule Martin.

• Maternal relationship is confirmed through Mitochondrial DNA test results on Family Tree DNA. Annette Fagnan, FTDNA kit #406832, and her maternal line cousin UNK (a direct matrilineal descendant of Helena Guidry), FTDNA kit #55041, have an Genetic Distance = 1 in HVR2 at C324T, thereby confirming their direct maternal lines back to their most-recent common ancestor who is Andree Guyon, the 9x great grandmother of Annette Fagnan and 11th great grandmother of UNK. See this diagram from the Mothers of Acadia DNA Project for more information.

See also:

• Nos Origines Marie Bernard